Giáo trình Ngoại ngữ chuyên ngành dược

TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG Y TẾ NINH BÌNH

==================

GIÁO TRÌNH HỌC PHẦN

NGOẠI NGỮ CHUYÊN NGÀNH

ĐỐI TƯỢNG: SINH VIÊN CAO ĐẲNG DƯỢC

(Lưu hành nội bộ)

Ninh Bình, năm 2021

SỞ Y TẾ NINH BÌNH

TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG Y TẾ

CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM

Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc

GIỚI THIỆU HỌC PHẦN NGOẠI NGỮ CHUYÊN NGÀNH

Ngành đào tạo: CAO ĐẲNG DƯỢC LIÊN THÔNG

1. Số tín chỉ: 02 (2,0)

2. Trình độ: Sinh viên năm thứ II (Học kỳ thứ 3)

3. Phân bố thời gian:

- Lên lớp:

+ Giảng lý thuyết:

30 tiết (02 tiết/tuần)

22 tiết

06 tiết

0 tiết

+ Làm bài tập trên lớp:

+ Thảo luận, seminar:

+ Kiểm tra/ đánh giá:

02 tiết

60 giờ

- Tự học:

4. Điều kiện tiên quyết: Không

5. Mục tiêu của học phần

5.1. Kiến thức

- Trang bị cho sinh viên lượng từ vựng và kiến thức tiếng Anh căn bản về

chuyên ngành Dược. Rèn luyện kỹ năng Đọc hiểu – đọc để nắm bắt thông tin về các

chủ điểm liên quan đến chuyên ngành dược trên cơ sở khối lượng từ vựng được cung

cấp theo các chủ điểm.

- Sau khi kết thúc học phần sinh viên có khả năng đọc hiểu và nắm được kiến

thức tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Dược về các chủ điểm: Đúng và Sai trong sử dụng thuốc

Tây y, Thuốc kháng sinh và cách sử dụng thuốc kháng sinh, Hướng dẫn và những thận

trọng trong sử dụng thuốc tiêm và trong khi tiêm, Thuốc thiên nhiên, Dinh dưỡng:

Viatmin và khoáng chất....

5.2. Kỹ năng

- Sử dụng tốt các từ vựng liên quan đến ngành Dược.

- Nâng cao kỹ năng đọc hiểu chuyên ngành Dược.

- Kỹ năng nắm bắt thông tin liên quan đến ngành Dược.

5.3. Thái độ

- Yêu thích môn học và biết liên hệ với công việc trong tương lại.

- Nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của môn học đối với ngành học và vận dụng

những kiến thức đã học vào thực tiễn công việc sau này.

6. Nhiệm vụ của sinh viên

- SV phải có một giáo trình chính (Biên soạn theo chỉ đạo của trường và một số

tài liệu thao khảo ở thư viện trường).

- Dự lớp: Tối thiểu 80% thời lượng lý thuyết môn học (100% đối với phần thực

hành), ra vào lớp đúng giờ quy định.

- Hoàn thành tốt nội dung tự học mà giảng viên giao cho cá nhân hàng tuần.

- SV vắng mặt trong buổi kiểm tra tại lớp nếu không có lý do chính đáng thì

nhận điểm 0.

- Các bài kiểm tra phải nộp đúng thời gian quy định, đúng yêu cầu cả về thời

gian và hình thức.

7. Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá sinh viên

- Điểm đánh giá quá trình và điểm thi học phần làm tròn đến một chữ số thập phân.

- Thang điểm: 10

7.1. Điểm kiểm tra thường xuyên

- SV phải có 2 điểm KTTX.

- Điểm KTTX có trọng số là 10 %. Điểm KTTX được lấy từ điểm các phần tự

học, tự nghiên cứu của sinh viên và được tiến hành bằng hình thức phát vấn vào đầu

mỗi buổi học từ 10 – 15 phút.

7.2. Điểm thi giữa học phần

- SV phải có một điểm thi giữa học phần được thực hiện ở tuần 7.

- Điểm thi giữa học phần có trọng số là 20 %. Hình thức thi giữa học phần: Thi

viết, test trắc nghiệm khách quan.

7.3. Điểm thi kết thúc học phần

- Điểm thi kết thúc học phần có trọng số là 70 %

- Điểm thi kết thúc học phần được thực hiện theo lịch của phòng Đào tạo. Hình

thức thi giữa học phần: Thi trên máy tính, test trắc nghiệm khách quan.

7.4. Điểm học phần

Điểm học phần = Điểm KTTX*10% + Điểm TGHP*20% + Điểm TKTHP*70%

MỤC LỤC

Nội dung

Bài

1

Trang

5

WORDS TO THE STORE KEEPER (OR

PHARMACIST)

RIGHT AND WRONG USES OF MODERN

MEDICINES

2

3

6

ANTIBIOTICS: WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO

USE THEM

11

INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR

INJECTIONS

4

5

16

20

23

26

DRUGS

NATURAL MEDICINE

NUTRITION: VITAMINS AND MINERALS

6

7

UNIT 1

WORDS TO THE STORE KEEPER (OR PHARMACIST)

Dear friends,

If you sell medicines in your store, people probably ask you about which

medicines to buy and how and when to use them. You are in the position to have an

important effect on the knowledge and health of people.

As you know, people too often spend their little money on medicines that do not

help them. But you can help them understand their health needs more clearly and spend

their money more wisely.

For example:

If people come asking for cough syrup for diarrhea, for vitamin B12 or liver

extract to treat simple anemia, for penicillin to treat sprain or ache, for tetracycline

when they have a cold, explain to them that these medicines are not needed and may do

more harm than good. Discuss with them what to do instead.

If someone want to buy a vitamin tonic, encourage him to buy eggs, fruit or

vegetables instead. Help him understand that these have more vitamins and nutritional

value for the money.

If people ask for an injection when medicines taken by mouth would work as

well and be safer - tell them so.

If someone wants to buy “cold tablets” or some other forms of “expensive

aspirin” for a cold, encourage him to save money by buying plain aspirin tablets and

taking them with lots of liquid.

Above all, sell only useful medicines. Stock in your store with the medicines that

are important for common illnesses in your area. Try to stock low-cost generic

products, and never sell people medicines that are expired, damaged or useless.

Your store can become a place where people learn about caring for their own

health. If you can help people use medicines intelligently, you will provide an

outstanding service to your community.

Good luck!

1

UNIT 2

RIGHT AND WRONG USES OF MODERN MEDICINES

Some medicines sold in pharmacies or village store can be very useful. Others are

of no value. Also, people sometimes use the best medicine in the wrong way, so that

they do more harm than good. To be helpful, medicine must be used correctly.

Many people, including most doctors and health workers, prescribe far more

medicines than are needed-and by so doing cause much needless sickness and death.

There is some danger in the use of any medicine.

Some medicines are much more dangerous than others. Unfortunately, people

sometimes use very dangerous medicines for mild sickness. (I have seen a baby die

because his mother gave him a dangerous medicine, chloramphenicol, for a cold).

Never use a dangerous medicine for mild illness.

REMEMBER: MEDICINES CAN KILL

Guidelines for the use of medicine:

1. Use medicine only when necessary.

2. Knowthecorrectuseandprecautionsforanymedicineyouuse(seetheGREENPAGE).

3. Be sure to use the right dose.

4. If the medicine does not help, or causes problem, stop using it,

5. When in doubt, seek the advice of a health worker.

Note: Some health workers and many doctors give medicines none is need, often

because they think patients expect medicine and will not be satisfied unless they get

some. Tell your doctor or your health worker you only want medicine if it is definitely

needed. This will save your money and be safe for your health.

Only use medicine when you are sure it is needed and

when you are sure how to use it

THE MOST DANGEROUS MISUSE OF MEDICINE

Here is a list of the most common and dangerous errors people make in using

mordem medicines. The improper use of the following medicines causes many deaths

each year. BE CAREFUL!

1. Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin)

The people use of this medicine for simple dirrhea and other mild sicknesses is

extremly unfortunate, because it is so risky. Use chloramphenicol only for very severe

illness, typhoid. Never give it to newborn infants. .

2. Oxytocin (Pitocin), Pitutrin, and Ergonovine (Ergotrate)

Unfortunately, some midwives use these medicines to speed up

childbirth or give strength to the mother in labor. This /3 practice is

very dangerous. It can kill the mother or the child.

Use these medicines only to control bleeding after the child is bom.

3. Injections of any medicine

The common belief that injections are usually better than

medicine taken by mouth is not true. Many times medicines

taken by mouth work as well as or better than injections. Also,

most medicine is moredangerous injected than when taken

by mouth. Use of injections should be very limited.

4. Penicilline

Penicilline works only against certain types of injections. Frequent use of

penicilline for sprains, bruises, or any pain or fever is a great mistake. As a general rule,

injuries that do not break the skin, even if they make large bruises, have no danger of

injection; they do not need to be treated with penicilline or any other antibiotic.

Penicilline is dangerous for some people. Before using it, know its risks and the

precautions you must take.

5. Injections of penicilline with streptomycin (There many brand name.)

These medicines are used too much, and often for the wrong thing.

they should not be used for colds, for three reasons:

1. They do not work against colds and flu.

2. They can cause serious problems - sometimes deafness

3. Their overuse makes it more difficult to cure tuberculosis or

other serious illnesses.

6. Vitamin B12 and liver extract

These medicines do not help anemia or 'weakness¹except in rare cases.

Also, they have certain risks when injected. They should only be used

when a health worker has prescribed them after testing the blood. In

nearly every case of anemia, iron pills will do more good.

7. Other vitamins

As a general rule, DO NOT INJECT VITAMINS. Injections are more dangerous,

more expensive, and usually no more effective than pills.

Unfortunately, many people waster their money on syrups, tonics, and ’elixirs’

3

that contain vitamins. Many lack the most important vitamins, but even when they

contain them, it is wiser to buy more and better food. Bodybuilding and protective

foods like eggs, meat, fruit, vegetables, and whole grains are rich in vitamins and other

nutrients. Giving a thin weak person good food more often will usually help him far

more than giving him vitamin and mineral supplements.

A person who eats well does not nedd extra vitamins

THE BEST WAY TO GET VITAMINS

A person who eats well does not need extra vitamins

8. Calcium

Injecting calcium into a vein can be extremely dangerous. It can quickly kill

someone if not injected very slowly. Injecting calcium into the buttocks sometimes

causes very serious abscesses or infections.

Never inject calcium without first seeking medical advice!

Note: In Mexico and other countries where people eat a lot of com tortillas or other

foods prepared with lime, it is foolish to use calcium injections or tonics (as is often done to

'give strength' or ’help children grow’). The body gets all the calcium it needs from the lime.

9. “Feeeding” through the veins (Instravenous or “T.V” solutions)

In some areas, people who are anemic or very weak spend their last penny to

have a liter of I.V. solution put into their veins. They believe that this will make them

stronger or their blood richer. But they are wrong!

Intravenous solution is nothing more than pure water with some salt or sugar in

it. It gives less energy than a larger candy bar and makes the blood thinner, not richer. It

does not help anemia or make the weak stronger.

Also when a person who is not well trained puts the I.V. solution into a vein,

there is a danger of an infection entering the blood. This can kill the sick person.

Intravenous solution should be used only when a person can take nothing by

mouth, or when he is badly dehydrated.

If the sick person can swallow, give him a liter or water with a little sugar

and salt. It will do as much for him as injecting a liter of I.V. solution.

For people who are able to eat, nutritious foods do more to strengthen them than

any type of I.V. fluid.

If a sick is able to swallow and keep down liquid...

10. Laxatives and Purges

It is always dangerous to give a laxative or purge to a baby or to anyone who is

very weak, dehydrated, or has severe pain in his belly. Unfortunately, people often

believe that purges bring back health or clean the bad things out of the body.

Purges or strong laxatives nearly always do more harm than good.

WHEN SHOULD MEDICINE NOT BE TAKEN?

Many people have beliefs about things they should not do or eat when taking

medicines. For this season they may stop taking a medicines they needIn truth, no

medicine causes harm just because it is taken with certain foods- whether pork, chili,

pepper, guave, oranges, or any other food. But foods with lots of grease or spices can

make problems of the stomach or gut worse - whether or not any medicine is being

taken. Certain medicines will cause bad reactions if a person drinks alcohol.

There are situations when, without a doubt, it is best not to use certain

medicines:

1. Pregnant woman or woman who are breast feeding should a void

all medicines that are not absolutely necessary.

(However, they can take vitamins or iron pills without

danger)

2. With newborn children, be very careful when using medicines.

Whenever possible look for medical help before giving them any

type of medicines. Be sure not to give too much,

3. A person who has ever had any sort of allergic reaction - hives,

itching, etc. - after taking penicillin, ampicillin, a sulfonamide, or

5

other medicines, should never use that medicine again for the rest of his life because

it would be dangerous.

4. Person who have ulcers or heartburn should avoid medicines that contain

aspirin.

5. There are specific medicines that are harmful or dangerous to take when you

have certain illnesses. For example, person with hapatisis should not be treated with

antibiotics or other strong medicines, because their liver is damaged, and the medicines

are more likely to poison the body.

6. Person who are dehydrated or have disease of the kidneys should be especialy

careful with medicines they take. Do not give more than one dose of a medicine that

could poison the body unless (or until) the person is urinating normaly. For example, if

a child has high fever and is dehydrated, do not give him more than one dose of aspirin

until he begins to urinate. Never give sulfa to a person who is dehydrated.

I. Comprehension questions:

A.

1. Is there any danger in the use of any medicine? Why?

2. When do you use medicines?

3. Why do some health workers and many doctors give medicine when none is

needed?

B.

1. What do people use chloramphenicol (penicillin) for?

2. Why should the infections of penicillin with streptomycine not be used for cold.

3. When should vitamin B12 and liver extract be used?

4. When shouldn't vitamins be injected?

5. When should medicines not be taken?

II/ Read these statements. Are they true or false?

1. List 4 way mentioned in the text in which vitamins can be obtained. Grade

these from SAFEST to MOST DANGEROUS.

2. "Vitamin B12 and liver extract should never be used because they are very

risky." TRUE or FALSE.

3. "Injecting calcium is extremly dangerous especcially when it is injected very

slowly." TRUE or FALSE.

4. "Lime containa a lot of calcium." TRUE or FALSE.

5. "Intravenous solutions kills." TRUE or FALSE.

6. "It is always dangerous to give laxatives. They should never be used. TRUE or

FALSE.

UNIT 3

ANTIBIOTICS: WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM

When used correctly, antibiotics are extremly useful and important medicines.

They fight certain infections and diseases caused by bacteria. Well-know antibiotics are

penicillin, tetracylin, steptomycin, and chloamphenicol. In this book the sulfa drugs, or

sulfonamides, are also considered as antibiotics.

The different antibiotics work in different ways against specific infections. All

antibiotics have dangers in their use, but some are far more dangerous than others.

Great care must be taken in the choice and use of antibiotics.

There are many kinds of antibiotics, and each kind is sold under several ’brand

names', this can be confusing. However, the most important antibiotics fall into a few

major group:

Antibiotic group

(generic name)

Examples of

brand names

in your area

(write in)

PENICILLINS

Pen-V-K

....................................

...................................

....................................

...................................

....................................

AMPICILLINS

Penbritin

TETRACYCLINES

SULFONAMIDES

STREPTOMYCIN

Terramycine

Gantrisin

Ambistryn

CHLORAMPHENNICOL Chloromycetin

ERYTHROMYCIN Erythocin

* Note: Ampicillin is is a type of penicillin that kill more kinds of bacteria than

do ordinary penicillins.

If you have a brand- name antibiotic and do not know to which group it belongs,

read the fine print on the bottle or box. For example, if you have some Paraxin “S” but

do not know what is in it, read the fine print. It's says “chloramphenicol”.

Never use an antibiotic unless you know to what group it belongs, what

disease it fights, and the precautions you must take to use it safely.

7

GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF ALL ANTIBIOTICS

1. If you do not know exactly how to use the antibiotics and what infections it

can be used for, do not use it.

2. Use only an antibiotic that is recommended for the infection you wish to treat.

(Look for the illness in this book.)

3. Know the risks in using the antibiotic and take all recommended precautions.

4. Use the antibiotic only in the recommended dose - no more, no less. The dose

depends on the illness and the age - or weight of the sick person.

5. Never use injections of antibiotics if taking them by mouth is likely to work as

well. Inject only absolutely necessary.

6. Keep using the antibiotics until the illness is completely cured, or for at least 2

days after the fever and others signs of infection have gone. (Some illness, like

tuberculosis and leprosy, need to be treated for many months or years after the person

feels better. Follow the intructions for each illness.)

7. If the antibiotics causes a skin rash, itching, difficult breathing, or any serious

reactions, the person must stop using it and never use it again.

8. Only use antibiotics when the need is great. When antibiotics are used too

much they begin not to work as well.

GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF CERTAIN ANTIBIOTICS

1. Before you inject penicillin or ampicillin, always have ampules of Adrenalin

(epinephrine) ready to control an allergic reaction if one occurs.

2. For persons who are allergic to penicillin, use another antibiotic such as

erythromycine or a sulfa.

3. Do not use tetracycline, or another broad-spectrum antibiotic, for an illness

that can probably be controlled with penicillin or another narrow- spectrum antibiotic.

4. As a rule use chloramphenicol only for typhoid fever. It is a dangrous drug.

Never use it for mild illness. And never give it to newborn children(except perhaps for

whooping cough).

5. Never inject tetracycline or chloramphenicol. They are safer, less painful, and

do so as much or more good when taken by mouth.

6. Do not give tetracycline to pregnant woman after the fourth month or to

children under 6 years old.

7. As a genaral rule, use streptomycine, and products that contain it, only for

tuberculosis - and always together with other anti-tuberculosis medicines.

Streptomycine in combination with penicillin can be used for deep wounds to the gut

appendicitis, and other specific infections when ampicillin is not available (or is too

4. You may not know enough to cure the illness. Get medical help.,

especially if the condition is serious or getting worse.

costly), but should never be used for colds, flu, and common respiratory infections.

8. Eating yogurt or curdled milk helps to replace necessary bacteria killed by

antibiotics like ampicillin and to return the body's natural balance to normal.

WHAT TO DO IF AN ANTIBIOTIC DOES NOT SEEM TO HELP

For common infections antibiotics begin to bring improvement in a day ot two. If

the antibiotic you are using does not bring any improvement, it is possible that:

1. The illness is not what you think. You may be using the wrong medicine. Try

to find out more exactly what the illness is - and use the right medicine.

2. The dose of the antibiotic is not correct. Check it.

3. The bacteria have become resistant to the antibiotic being used (they no longer

are harmed by it). Try another one of the antibiotics recommended for that

IMPORTANCE OF LIMITED USE OF ANTIBIOTICS

The use of all medicines should be limited. But this especially true of antibiotics,

for the follwing reasons:

1. Poisoning and reactions. Antibiotics not only kill bacteria, they can also harm

the body, either by poisoning it or by causing allergic reactions. Many people die each

year because they take antibiotic they do not need.

2. Upsetting the natural balance. Not all bacteria in the body are harmful.

Some are necessary for the body to fuction normally. Antibiotics often kill good

bacteria alon with harmful ones. Babies who are given antibiotics sometimes develop

fungus infections of the mouth (thrush) or skin (moniliasis). This is because the

antibiotics kill the bacteria that help keep fungus under control.

9

For similar reasons, persons who take ampicillin and other broad- spectrum

antibiotics for several days may develop diarrhea. Antibiotics may kill some kinds of

bacteria nesessary for digestion, upsettting the natural balance of bacteria in the gut.

3. Resistance to treatment. In the long run, the most important reason the use of

antibiotics should be limited, is that WHEN ANTIBIOTICS ARE USED TOO MUCH,

THEY BECOME LESS EFFECTIVE.

When attacked many times by the same antibiotic, bacteria become stronger and

are no longer killed by it. They become resistant to the antibiotic. For reason, certain

dangerous diseases like typhoid has becoming more difficult to treat than they were a

few years ago.

In some places typhoi has become resistant to chloramphenicol, normally the

best medicine for treating it. Chloramphenicol has been used far too much for minor

infections, infections for which other antibiotics would be safer and work as well, or for

which no antibiotic at all is needed.

Throughout the world important diseases are becoming resistant to antibiotics-

largely because antibiotics are used too much for minor infections. If antibiotics are

continue to save lives, their use must be far more limited than it is at present. This will

depend on their wise use by doctors, health workers, and the people themselves.

For most minor infections antibiotics are not needed and should not be used. Minor

skin infections can usually be successfully treatted with soap and water, hot soaks, and

perhaps painting them with gentian violet. Minor respiratory infections are best treated by

drinking lots of liquids, eating good food, and getting plenty of rest. For most diarrheas,

antibiotics are not necessary and may even be harmful. What is most important is to drink

lots of liquids and provide enough food as soon as the child wiil eat.

Do not use antibiotics for infections the body can fight successfully

by itself. Save them for when they are most needed.

I. Comprehension questions:

A.

1. Why are antibiotics useful and important, when used correctly?

2. When do you use an antibiotics?

3. What are the guidelines for the use of all antibiotics?

B.

1. What bacteria do antibiotics often kill?

2. What happens when bacteria are attacked many times by the same antibiotics?

3. Why nowadays are importants disease becoming resistant to antibiotics?

II. Vocabulary

cough

epidemics

cruel

institutions

miserable

influenza

meanwhile contagious

plague antibiotics

sneeze

vaccinations

1. .......................................is also called the flu.

2. Some disease are spread when people..................and..........................

3. When you have a headache, you probably feel.....................................

4. Babies should receive......................... to prevent common childhood diseases.

Then they won't catch these....................................disease.

5. Government should provide health care..............................they should give

money for new research into the cause of disease.

6. ....................................... kill thousands, even millions, of people worldwide.

7. Hospitals and universities are examples of..................................................

8. It is very...........to put a sick person out of his or her house tothe street to live.

9. The........................... epidemics killed half the population of Europe

before............................were discovered.

11

UNIT 4

INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR INJECTIONS

WHEN TO INJECT AND WHEN NOT TO

Injections are not needed often. Most sicknesses that require medical treatment

can be treated as well or better with medicines taken by mouth. As a general rule:

It is more dangerous to inject medicine than to take it by mouth.

Injections should be used only when absolutely necessary. Except in emergencies,

they should be given only by health workers or persons trained in their use.

The only times medicines should be injected are:

1. When the recommended medicine does not come in a form that can be taken by

mouth.

2. When the person vomits often, cannot swallow, or is unconscious.

3. In certain unusual emergencies and special cases.

WHAT TO DO WHEN THE DOCTOR PRESCRIBES INJECTIONS.

Doctors and other health workers sometimes prescribe injections when they are

not needed. After all, they can chargen more money for injections. They forget the

problems and dangers of giving them in rural areas.

1. If a healthe worker or healer wants to give you an injection, be sure the

medicine is appropriate and that he takes all the necessary precautions.

2. If a doctor prescribes injections, explain that you live where no one is well

trained to give injections and ask if it would be possible to prescribe a medicine to take

by mouth.

3. If a doctor wants to prescribe injections of vitamins, liver extract, or vitamin

Bn, but has not had your blood tested, tell him you would prefer to see another doctor.

EMERGENCIES WHEN IT IS IMPORTANT TO GIVE INJECTIONS

In case of the following sicknesses, get medical help as fast as you can. If there

will be any delay in getting help of in taking the sick person to a health center, injec the

appropriate medicine as soon as possible. For details of the doses, consult the pages

listed below. Before injecting, know the possible side effects and take needed

precautions.

For these sicknesses

Inject these medicines

penicillin in high dose

Severe pneumonia Infections after

childbirth Gangrene

Tetanus

Penicillin and tetanus antitoxin and

phénobarbital or diazepam

Appendicitis

ampicillin in strong doses or penicillin

Peritonitis and bullet wound or otherwith streptomycin

puncture wound in the belly

Poisonous snakebite Scorpion sting

snake antivenin scorpion antivenin

Meningitis when you do not suspectampicillin or penicillin in very high doses

tuberculosis

Meningitis when you suspect tuberculosis ampicillin or penicillin together with

streptomycin and if possible other anti -

tuberculosis’ drugs

Vomiting when it cannot be controlled

antihistamines, for example, promethazine

Severe allergic reaction, allergic shoock,Adrenalin

and severe asthma

The following chronic illnesses generally rarely emergencies. It is best to consult a

health worker for treatment

Tuberculosis

streptomycin together with INH tablets

and PAS tablets

Syphilis

procaine penicillin in very high doses

Gonorrhea

WHEN NOT TO INJECT

Never: give injection if you can get medical help quickly

Never: give an injection for a sickness that is not serious.

Never: give injections for a cold the flu

Never: inject a medicine that is not recommended for the illess you

want to treat

Never: inject a medicine unless you know and take all the

recommended precautions.

13

MEDICINES NOT TO INJECT

In general, it is better never to inject the following

1. Vitamins. Rarely and injected vitamins and better than vitamins taken by

mouth. Injections and more expensive and more dangerous. Use vitamin pills or syrups

rather than injections. Better still, eat foods rich in vitamins.

2. Liver extract and vitamin B. Do not inject them! Ferrous sulfate pills will do

more good for almost all cases of anemia.

3. Calcium. Injected into a vein calcium is extremely dangerous, if not given very

slowly. An injection in the buttock may cause a large abscess. Untrained people should

never inj ect calcium.

4. Penicillin. Nearly all infections that require penicillm can be effectively treated

with penicillin taken by mouth. Penicillin..is more dangerous when injected. Use

injectable penicillin only for dangerous infections.

5. Penicillin with streptomycin, As a general rule, avoid this combined medicine.

Never use it for colds or the flu.

6. Chloramphenicol or tetracycline. These medicines do as much or more good

when taken by mouth. Use capsules or syrups rather than injections.

7. Intravenous (I.V) solutions. These should be used only for severe dehydration

and given only by someone who is well trained. When not given correctly they can

cause dangerous infections or death.

8. Intravenous medicines. There is so much danger in injecting any medicine in

the vein that only well - trained health worker should doit. However, never inject into a

muscle (the buttock) medicine that says for intravenous use only. Also, never inject in

the vein medicine that says for intramuscular use only.

DANGEROUS REACTIONS FROM INJECTING CERTAIN MEDICINES

The following groups of medicines sometimes produce a dangerous reaction

called ALLERGIC SHOCK a short time after injection:

* Penicillins (including ampicillin)

* Antitoxins that are mede from horse serum:

scorpion antivenin

snake antivenin

tetanus antitoxin

The risk of a serious reaction is greater in a person who has previously been injected

with one of these medicines or with another medicine of the same group. This risk is

especially great if the medicine caused an allergic reaction (hives, itching, swelling, or

trouble breathing) a few hours or days after the injection was given.

Rarely, ALLERGIC SHOCK may

Result from the sting of a wasp or bee

Or from medicine taken by mouth To prevent a serious reaction from an injection: