Tác động của công nghệ đối với các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa ở Việt Nam trong cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON SMALL AND MEDIUM
ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Le Thi Hanh,
University of Finance and Business Administration
Abstract:
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers significant growth opportunities for small and
medium enterprises. When Vietnam implements the next-generation free trade agreements, small
and medium-sized enterprises have many opportunities, but also face great challenges.
Technology is always innovating, positively and negatively impacting the development of small
and medium-sized businesses. However, if small and medium-sized enterprises adapt quickly,
grasping modern technology in production, it will bring efficiency and be a motivation for
development of enterprises quickly and sustainably.
Key words: Technology, small and medium enterprises, Revolution 4.0, Vietnam
TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA CÔNG NGHỆ ĐỐI VỚI CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA Ở
VIỆT NAM TRONG CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
Tóm tắt:
Cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 mang lại nhiều cơ hội tăng trưởng rõ rệt cho các
doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa. Khi Việt Nam thực thi các Hiệp định thương mại tự do thế hệ mới,
doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa có nhiều thời cơ, nhưng c ng đứng trước những thách thức rất lớn.
Công nghệ luôn đổi mới, tác động tích cực và tiêu cực đến sự phát triển của doanh nghiệp
nhỏ và vừa. Tuy nhiên, nếu doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa thích ứng nhanh, nắm bắt được công
nghệ hiện đại vào sản xuất sẽ đem lại hiệu quả và là động lực phát triển cho doanh nghiệp
nhanh và bền vững.
Từ khóa: Công nghệ, doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa, Cách mạng 4.0, Việt Nam
1. Introduction
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers significant growth opportunities for small and
medium enterprises. When Vietnam implements the new-generation free trade agreements, small
and medium-sized enterprises have many opportunities, but also face great challenges.
Technology is always innovating, positively and negatively impacting the development of small
and medium-sized businesses. However, if small and medium-sized enterprises adapt quickly,
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grasping modern technology in production, it will bring efficiency and be a motivation for
development of enterprises quickly and sustainably.
2. Content
2.1. The technological role in developing small and medium-sized enterprises to meet the
industrial revolution 4.0 in Vietnam
Technology is the combination of technical means, skills and methods used to transform
resources into a certain product. Technology consists of 4 basic components: (1) Tools,
machines, equipment and materials are hardware parts of technology; (2) Information, methods,
know-how; (3) Organization of executive, coordination, management; (4) People. (The
following three parts are called software technology)5. Any manufacturing process must ensure
the above 4 components. Each component performs certain functions. In which equipment
components are considered the backbone, the core of the operation process but it is installed and
operated by humans. The human component is considered to be the key element of the
production activity factor but must operate according to the instructions provided by the
information component. The information component is the basis for guiding employees to
operate machinery and make decisions. The organizational component is tasked with linking the
above components, encouraging employees to improve production efficiency.
The document of the XII Congress of the Party stated: "Strong development of science
and technology, making science and technology truly a top national policy, the most important
driving force for the development of production forces. modern, knowledge economy, improving
productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the economy, protecting the environment
and ensuring national defense and security‖6
Therefore, it is necessary to link science and technology development with the market
economy, integration with international and regional regions, making science and technology
become the motivation to improve the competitiveness of the modern market economy in the
context of The globalization of the region will increase, in the context of a rapid development of
science and technology revolution, in response to new risks and challenges. For small and
medium-sized enterprises, improving the capacity of researching and applying technologies in
production, gradually improving labor productivity, creating new products with high
competitiveness is an important task and solution. should be identified in development policies
and guidelines in each enterprise; in which, there are incentives for initiatives that bring benefits
to production and business, to encourage investment in technological innovation; do not accept
outdated technology; attaching importance to promoting and transferring scientific and technical
application, creating conditions for developing high-tech scientific applications to meet the
requirements of industrial revolution 4.0.
2.2. The impact of technology on small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam meets the
requirements of industrial revolution 4.0
5 Minh Chau (2016), http://natif.vn/ vi/tin-tuc/don-bay-giup-doanh-nghiep- doi-moi-cong-nghe-181.html.
6 Communist Party of Vietnam: Document of the 12th National Assembly, p. 27.
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Digital technology in the industrial revolution 4.0 is the top priority of the Association of
ASEAN Nations, including Vietnam, to help the Association become one of the 5 digital
economies in the world before 2025. Therefore, businesses in Vietnam, especially small and
medium-sized enterprises, are aware of the benefits from technological innovation and
innovation, even facing difficulties in production and business activities to invest and trade. new
technology.
The positive impact of technology on small and medium enterprises in Vietnam meets the
4.0 industrial revolution
Firstly, the opportunity to improve management capacity and labor skills, the opportunity
to participate in larger value chains, to meet the requirements of partners, small and medium
enterprises will have the opportunity to continue. access and improve their management capacity
as well as raise the qualifications of the workforce;
Second, small and medium-sized businesses with the opportunity to access databases and
information online will facilitate business to business cooperation and market information;
increase business development services; The Industrial Revolution 4.0 also helps small and
medium enterprises to participate in the global market to buy and sell goods and services.
Thirdly, the development of digital technology will help small and medium-sized
enterprises participate in convenient global supply chains with low costs. Breakthrough new
technologies will allow supply chains to be better connected and distributed more efficiently,
minimizing logistics and transaction costs. If taking advantage of technology, Vietnamese
enterprises can improve business efficiency, expand markets and market shares, and even
encroach into new markets created by Vietnamese enterprises themselves. Technology products
will create more value, reduce production costs, labor labor ...
The limited impacts of technology on small and medium enterprises in Vietnam meet the
industrial revolution 4.0
Firstly, in terms of the market, many foreign enterprises dominate the market, present in
many sectors of the economy. The influence, power and application of digital technology of
digital businesses such as Facebook, Google, Microsoft, in society today are very large. "If they
cannot grasp and immerse themselves in this trend, Vietnamese small and medium enterprises
are likely to lose at home." The ability to adapt to the economy of small and medium-sized
enterprises in Vietnam is limited, having difficulty in expanding businesses through the digital
economy due to the problems of Internet access and tape transmission. Extensive information,
safety and security of personal information as well as basic knowledge about online
development, expensive cost of information technology equipment.
Second, on security and confidentiality. Technical infrastructure system, technology level
are still inadequate. The Internet-based digital economy still contains many risks of information
security, information security and data privacy. As digital has become ubiquitous, businesses
have difficulty figuring out how to prevent and address cyber-attacks. In addition, the
deployment of e-commerce, high and low logistics costs and logistics services compared to
many countries in the region have restricted the development of e-commerce in Vietnam. Along
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with that, consumers' confidence in online shopping is not high, more than 60% of the
Vietnamese population in rural and regional areas have difficulties in accessing the Internet. A
large number of people cannot access bank facilities. As a result, people are limited in shopping,
online transactions and hindering the development of technology.
Thirdly, the lack of human resources knows how to use technology. This is one of the
major challenges for Vietnam's digital economy. According to a report by Vietnamworks, it is
forecasted that by the end of 2018, the industry will be short of about 70,000 people and by 2020
this number will be 500,000 employees7. Vietnam is at the beginning of the development of
human resources to meet the needs of the digital economy, especially the skills and knowledge
that are most directly related to information management systems, processes and procedures. and
the use of network resources like cloud and online administration. Therefore, improving
knowledge and skills in the above field should be prioritized for implementation.
Thus, in response to Industry 4.0, small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam are
affected by both positive and negative impacts of technology, while opening opportunities for
businesses to develop sustainably in the market. , but no blame on the negative side, if the
business captures to apply in line with the development of its own company.
2.3. Solutions for small and medium enterprises apply technology to meet the industrial
revolution 4.0
In order to create conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises to develop stably to
meet the requirements of Industry 4.0, state management agencies need to deploy policies and
programs to support and help small and medium-sized enterprises. overcoming difficulties,
improving competitiveness, paving the way for sustainable development. The Government's
Resolution 02 issued on January 1, 2019, replacing Resolution 19, which indicated: Business
conditions; specialized management; ecommerce; online public services; innovation. The
resolution already exists, ministries, branches and localities need to coordinate closely, timely
and flexible implementation so that the Resolution can actually go into practice.
Firstly, for small and medium-sized businesses, there is a fund to encourage, help, train
and guide connected businesses.
The bridging role of industry associations is also very important. Linking to remove
difficulties in accessing capital for small and medium enterprises is one of the current urgent
tasks of the economy. Removing the above difficulties requires the synchronous combination of
the Government, credit institutions and enterprises. Credit institutions should create a data
connection system for small and medium-sized enterprises as well as develop specific criteria for
small and medium-sized loans. In addition, small and medium-sized businesses need to expand
their relationships with businesses in the industry and the public sector to gain more business
information and expand accessible capital. In particular, small and medium-sized businesses
should also consider the application of technological innovation in stages, so that the process of
7 Ho Ngoc Luat (2018), Results of innovation statistics in businesses and recommendations to complete the
statistical work of innovation in Vietnam, component 1 (b): perfecting the statistical and evaluation system , S&T
measurement and innovation, The project promotes innovation through research, S&T (FIRST).
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investment can be broken down by business cycle or considered to improve each stage to reduce
health. pressed on investment capital.
Second, encourage small and medium-sized businesses to innovate in technology.
Currently, 65% of small and medium enterprises have difficulty finding customers; 44%
had difficulty finding capital; 31% had difficulty finding suitable personnel; 25% had difficulty
in implementing administrative and legal procedures; 20% have difficulty finding business
premises as well as finding suppliers; 14% had trouble finding the right technology8. Thus,
machinery and equipment is one of the direct participants in the production process, so the
modernization of machinery and equipment or technological innovation is very important for
every business. A manufacturing enterprise that wants to survive and thrive must develop its
own technological innovation plan. Scientific and technological advances and technological
innovations will allow to improve product quality, create new products, diversify products,
increase output, increase labor productivity, and use rationally and economically. materials ...
Therefore, it will increase competitiveness, expand markets, promote rapid growth and improve
production and business efficiency. Scientific and technological progress, technological
innovation is really the right direction of a potential industrial enterprise.
Third, build and access technology that is affordable to small and medium sized
businesses in Vietnam
Most small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam are too small in scale to have
enough capital to invest in technological innovation, and have not yet received practical support
from bank credit, the State's support fund, and enterprises. As a large enterprise joins the value
chain, it is considered that technology is a weakness of small and medium-sized enterprises in
the era of industrial revolution 4.0, but small and medium enterprises in Vietnam can inherit
technology. modern, with very low cost, as well as easy access to huge amounts of data about the
market, customers to build an effective business strategy.
Fourth, the leadership thinking of managers and workers' qualifications in small and
medium-sized enterprises meet the requirements of industrial revolution 4.0
Meeting the requirements of Industry 4.0, the qualifications of workers have a great
influence on the performance of enterprises. Especially managers. They are indirect workers who
create products but are very important because they are the people who run and direct the
business, determining the success or failure of the business. Therefore, there is an organizational
structure of the management apparatus, appropriate professional qualifications, improving
managerial capacity and employee qualifications, increasing labor productivity and
competitiveness ... Especially, Small and medium-sized enterprises need to be aware of the
importance of knowledge in order to access and apply that knowledge to their production and
business processes. That means small and medium-sized businesses are ready to absorb new
knowledge.
8 Dr. Luong Minh Huan, MSc Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong "Technological innovation in enterprises: Some issues of
concern", Journal of Science and Technology of Vietnam, No. 5/2019
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Meeting the requirements of Industry 4.0, skilled workers will produce high-quality
products, save time and materials, increase business efficiency of the business. Therefore, in the
human factor, professional qualification is crucial to the efficiency of production and business.
That requires businesses to have meticulous plans from recruitment to retraining, improving
professional qualifications for employees, especially the management staff.
Fifth, having a legal environment, an appropriate legal framework will help accelerate the
transition between economy and digital economy in a faster and stronger way in Vietnam;
including electronic text law, electronic transaction law and digital signature law to support
electronic transactions. Awareness change is needed to recognize electronic documents as
valuable as on paper. The procedures for applying, licensing, approving, registering, etc. need to
be more effective and transparent. ―The government can accelerate this process by improving
regulations to loosen restrictions on businesses that want to exploit the Internet in their
businesses, especially small and medium-sized businesses. The authorities need to work more
closely to ensure transparency and avoid legal risks for investors to small and medium
enterprises in Vietnam.
Conclusion
The impact of technology on small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam in the 4.0
industrial revolution requires businesses to have a high level of technological awareness, because
machine equipment is a Among the direct participation factors in the production process,
improving labor productivity, therefore, the modernization of machinery and equipment helps
small and medium enterprises survive and develop. Small and medium-sized businesses need to
formulate technological innovation plan, which will allow to improve product quality to create
many new products, diversify products, increase output, increase labor productivity, use rational
use of saving materials ... Thus, it will increase competitiveness, expand markets, promote rapid
growth and improve production and business efficiency. Technological innovation is really the
right direction for small and medium enterprises in the current period in Vietnam.
References
1. Ministry of Science and Technology (2016), White Paper on Science and Technology 2016.
2. CIEM-DOE-GSO (2014), Competitiveness and technology at enterprise level in Vietnam:
Survey results in 2013, Financial Publishing House.
3. Ho Ngoc Luat (2018), Results of innovation statistics in businesses and recommendations to
complete the statistical work of innovation in Vietnam, component 1 (b): complete the
statistical system, evaluate and measure science and technology and innovation, the project
promotes innovation through research, science and technology (FIRST).
moi-cong-listen-181.html.
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5. OECD - World Bank (2014), Science, Technology and Innovation in Vietnam, OECD Review
of Innovation Policy.
6. National Nuclear Technology Program, Topic "Assessing the need for training in technology
management, technology management and updating new technology in Vietnamese
enterprises", code DM.13.DA / 15.
7. Tran Van Quang (2016), "There should be research on solutions to promote technological
updates in Vietnamese enterprises", Journal of Science and Technology, 3, p.57-60.
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