Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

T X T Q Q T

T

ứ

ứ d ỹ

ự ỉ ự ủ T S V – ở T

LAMA 2, S Lê Quang Trung, S ễ T

d “Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ Hàn”.

T T

ủ ủ T

d & G d S d d – Q

ẩ S E S WS P … ủ dự

P ú ỹ d Q … ứ

ự T ứ

ứ ủ d

dù ắ ỏ ữ R

ý ỉ

Chúng tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn!

NHÓM BIÊN SOẠN

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

UNIT 1: TERMINOLOGY AND STANDARD

I. VOCABULARY

- Arc :

Liê

ự

- Edge :

- Metal:

- Joint :

- Electrode :

- Welding :

- Welded joint:

Hàn

- Welding process: Q hàn

- Weld:

- Welding structure:

- Melt (n):

Sự nung

- Melt (iv / tv)

- Melted (pp)

- Molten (adj)

- Mass:

C

- Cool (iv / tv):

- Clamp:

ẹ ữ

- Base metal:

- Circuit:

- Stream:

ò

- Temperature:

- Bright:

Sáng, sáng chói

- Welding machine: Máy hàn

- Amperage :

- Voltage :

dò

- Generator :

- Transformer :

- Rectifier :

ỉ

II. GRAMMAR:

Passive voice:

Form:

Subject (S) + Verb ( V) + Object ( O)

‘to be’ + V__ed(past participle) + (by….)

S

+

1. The passive tense „ ‟ „ ‟ „ ‟ ỉ ứ

present, past, past perfect ...v.v )

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

of an active tense voice is formed by putting the verb „ be‟ at the same tense as the

active verb in front of the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active

„agent’ f T „agent’ is very often not

mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by „by’ and placed at the end of the

clause:

Ex: This plate of metal was welded by my father.

2. Passive voice at present and past tenses:

S

+

V

+

O

is / are + V_ _ed

Active:

We build this bridge.

Passive: This bridge is built.

S

+ V ( past simple) + O

+ was / were + V_ _ed

Active:

They broke the window.

Passive: The window was broken.

3. Passive voice at continuous tense requires the present continuous form of to be:

S + is / am / are + V__ing+ O

S + is / are + being + V__ed( past participle)

Active:

They are repairing the bridge.

Passive: The bridge is being repaired.

4. Auxiliary + infinitive combinations are made passive by using a passive infinitive:

S + should / can + V + O

S + should / can + be + V__ed( past participle)

Active:

Passive:

Active:

You should shut these doors

These doors should be shut

You can use the process to deposit metal to form a surface with

alternative properties.

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Passive:

The process can also be used to deposit metal to form a surface with

alternative properties.

III. PRACTICE

This lesson Arc welding is a method of joining two pieces of metal into one solid

piece. To do this, the heat of an electric arc is concentrated on the edges of two

pieces of metal to be joined. The metal melts and, while these edges are still molten,

addition melted metal is added. This molten mass cools and solidifies into one solid

piece.

Figure 1

The electric arc is made between the work and the tip and of a small metal wire, the

electrode, which is clamped in a holder and held in the hand. A gap is made in the

welding circuit by holding th f d 6‟‟- ‟‟ w f the parent or

base metal being welded. The electric current jumps this gap and makes an arc, which is

held maintained and moved along the joint to be welded, melting the metal as it is moved.

Arc welding is a manual skill requiring a steady hand, good general physical conditions,

and good eyesight. The operator controls the welding arc and, therefore, the quality of the

weld made.

Figure 2

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Figure 3 Illustrates the action that takes place in the electric arc. It closely resembles

what is actually seen during welding

T “ ” is seen in the middle of the picture. This is the electric arc created by

the electric current flowing through the space between the end of the electrode and the

work. The temperature of this arc is about 6000⁰C, which is more than enough to melt

metal. The arc is very bright, as well as very hot, and cannot be looked at with the naked

eye without risking painful, though usually temporary, injury.

Figure 3

The arc melts the parent, or base, metal and actually digs into it, much as the water

through a nozzle on a garden hose digs into the earth. The molten metal forms a molten

pool or crater and tends to flow away from the arc. As it moves away from the arc, it

cools and solidifies. A slag forms on top of the weld to protect it during cooling.

There are several types of welding machines include motor-generators, engine-driven

generators, transformers, rectifiers, and combination transformer and rectifiers. Each type

has its place and purpose. The basic function of each is the same-providing a source of

controlled electric power for welding. This controlled electric power has the

characteristic of high amperage at low voltage. The high amperage is required to provide

sufficient heat at the arc. The voltage must be low enough to be safe for handling and yet

high enough to maintain the arc. The welding machine permits the welder (welding

operator) to control the amount of current he uses. This, in turn, controls the amount of

heat of the arc. Some welding machine also permits the operator to select either a forceful

or soft arc and to control its characteristics to suit the job.

These are some standard that is used for welding

1. ASME (American Society of Mechnical Engineers), includes:

- ASME Boiler& Pressure Vessel Code

- ASME Code For Pressure Piping

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

2. AWS (American Welding Society)

- AWS D1.1- Structural Welding Code - Steel

3. API (American Petroleum Institute) :

- API 650 – Welded Steel Tanks For Oil Storage

- API 1104 – Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities

4. ISO (Internaytional Standardization Organization)

5. EN (European Standard/Normal)

6. JIS – Japanese Industrial Standards

IV. EXERCISE

1. Give main ideas of paragraph?

2. What is arc welding?

3. What happens in the arc?

4. What do the electrodes affect to the arc?

5. List and explain the uses of the standards?

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

UNIT 2: WELDED JOINT AND WELD

Object: to show the types and position of welded joints

I. VOCABULARY:

- Welding position

V trí hàn

- Flat

Hàn

- Vertical

Hàn ứ

- Overhead

- Horizontal

- Butt joint

- Corner joint

- Lap joint

- Tee joint

- Edge joint

- Butt weld

- Fillet weld

- Groove angle

- Groove weld

- Spot weld

- Spot

Hàn ử

Hàn ngang

Liên

Liên ữ T

Liên

hàn giáp

Góc vát

hàn có vát mép

hàn

- Geometry

- Configuration

- Preparation

- Surface

d

Sự ẩ

- Weld reinforcement

- Weld concavity

- Weld width

õ

- Leg of a fillet weld

-

Sealing run

hàn lót

II. GRAMMAR:

THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Shorter adjectives: form of regular comparison.

Most common adjectives are short words. They form their comparatives and superlatives

as shown:

Adjecctive

Clean

Big

Comparative

Cleaner

Bigger

Superlative

Cleanest

Biggest

Strong

Long

Stronger

Longer

Strongest

Longest

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Notes on the comparison of shorter adjectives

Spelling of comparative and superlative forms:

- Most one-syllable adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives like clean: -er

and -est are added to their basic form.

- Many one-syllable adjectives end with a single consonant after a single vowel-letter.

This consonant doubles in the comparative and superlative, as in the case of big:

bigger, biggest.

- Many one-syllable adjectives end in -e, like nice or safe. These add -r and -st to the

basic form: safer, safest.

- Some adjectives, like dry, end in -y with a cosonant letter before it. These adjectives

are usually two-syllable. In the comparative and superlative -y is replaced by i:

drier, driest.

Longer adjectives:

Most longer adjectives combine with quantifiers „more‟ / „less‟ to form their

comparatives and „ most‟ / „ least‟ to form their superlatives

Ex: This joint is more beautiful than that one.

This position is the most difficult job when welding a fabrication.

Compound noun:

Noun + Noun:

Ex: Butt joint, lap joint, class room

III. PRACTICE

There are numerous types of welded joints and various positions in which they are

welded. Figure below shows a variety of these joints as they may appear on welding jobs

There are four basic welding positions: FLAT (F), VERTICAL (V), OVERHEAD (OH);

HORIZONATAL (H). It is possible to weld any type of joint in any of the four positions,

but whenever possible joints are placed in the flat position. Welding in the flat position is

much faster and easier than any of other positions.

A summary of the basic types of joints and basic types of welds is shown in figure below

In a joint, the adjoining members may contact each other in several ways, as illustrated

by the butt, T, corner, lap and edge joints. These general descriptions of the joint

geometry, however, do not define the weld joint configuration, since it can be made in

various ways. Thus, a weld butt joint can be made square, double-square, single-bevel,

double-bevel, single-V, double-V, or by four other joint configurations. A T-connection

can be made with a double fillet, as shown: or it may be made with a single or double-

bevel or single or double J. V and U weld joints are feasible only for butt and corner

welds because of the need for the preparation of both surfaces.

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

1. Types of joints

1.1. Butt Joint

1.2. Tee Joint

1.3. Corner Joint

1.4. Lap Joint

1.5. Edge Joint

2. Types of welds

2.1. Fillet Weld

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Single

Double

2.2. Square Weld

Single

Double

2.3. Bevel Groove Weld .

Single

Double

2.4. Vee Groove Weld

Single

Double

2.5. J Groove Weld

Single

2.6. U Groove Weld

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Single

Double

UNIT 3: WELDING CONSUMABLES

Object: to deliver the uses and characteristics of the metal electrode

I. VOCABULARY

- Characteristic:

- Core:

Lõi

- Cover:

Vỏ ỏ

- Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): Hàn à

- Desired weld:

- Consist of:

M

Bao

- Cellulose:

X

- Rutile:

Rutin

- Dioxidizing:

- Binders:

- Extrusion:

- Tensile Strength :

- Physical properties:

- Stabilize:

Ôxy hóa

ù ra, é i

ự kéo

í í

Làm

ủ

Dòng

- Essential:

- DC: Dirrect current:

- AC: Alternating current: Dòng

- Slag removal:

- Consistently:

- Depend on:

Gỡ Lo ỏ ỉ

Liên ỉ

Tùy

- Filler wire:

Q

Dây hàn

- Electrode wire:

- Self-shielding Wire:

- Flux cored electrode:

- Arc welding electrode:

- Covered electrode:

- Electrode covering:

- Welding flux:

- Shielding gas:

- Position:

Dây ự

Dây õ

cự

Que

T

T hàn

Khí

V trí

- Relationship:

- Designation:

- Characteristic:

- Operation:

- Compound:

- Medium:

liên quan

Sự

tính

Sự ành

Ghép,

Trung bình

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

II. GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSES

a. Defining relative clauses

These describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of

the same class. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun.

Normally relative clauses should be placed directly after their noun or pronoun:

Example: The noise that the welders made woke everybody up.

Relative pronouns used in defining relative clauses

The format is as follows:

Subject

For things which

That

Object

which

that

Possessive

whose / of which

Defining relative clauses: things

b. Subject

Either which or that, which is more formal:

- This is the construction that / which was finished yesterday.

- This is the fabrication that shows the job of my students.

c. Object of a verb

Which or that, or no relative at all:

- The tool that / which you welded is becoming dangerous.

d. Object of a preposition

The formal construction is preposition + which, but is more usually to move the

preposition to the end of the clause, using which or that or omitting the elative altogether:

- The ladder on which the welders usually stand to join a construction.

- The ladder which / that the welders usually stand on to join a construction.

e. Relative adverb: where

Where can replace „in/ at which‟ „w ‟

- That is the shop where (= in/ at which) students usually practise their tasks after

studying theory.

III. PRACTICE

The first specification for mild-steel covered electrodes, AWS A5.1 was writen in

1940. As the welding industry expanded and the number of types of electrodes for

welding steel increased, it became necessary to devise a system of electrode

classification to avoid confusion. The system used applies to both the mild-steel A5.1

and the low-alloy steel A5.5 specification. (Figure 4 – Covered electrode)

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Figure 4

Table 1 AWS numbering system

a. The prefix “E” designates arc welding electrode

b. The first two digits of 4-digit numbers and the first three digits of 5-digit numbers

indicate minimum tensile strength

E60XX

E70XX

E110XX

60,000 psi Tensile Strength

70,000 psi Tensile Strength

110,000 psi Tensile Strength

c. The next –to- last digit indicates position

EXX1X

All positions

EXX2X

Flat position and horizontal fillets

d. The last two digits together indicate the type of covering and the current to be use

e. The suffix (example : EXXXX-A1) indicates the approximate alloy in the deposit

-A1

-B1

-B2

-B3

-C1

-C2

-C3

½% Mo

½% Cr, ½% Mo

1-1/4%Cr, ½% Mo

2-1/4%Cr, 1% Mo

2-1/2%Ni

3-1/4%Ni

1%Ni, .35%Mo, .15%Cr

-D1&D2 .25-.15%Mo, 1.25-2.00%Mn

-G 50 min Ni, .30 min Cr, .20 min Mo, .10min V

(only one of the listed elements is required)

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Classifications of mild and low-alloy steel electrodes are based on an “E” prefix and a

four or five-digit number. The fisrt two digits (or three, in a five-digit number)

indicate the minimum required tensile strength in thousands of pounds per spuare

inch. For example, 60=60.000 psi, 70=70.000psi, and 100=100.000psi. the next to the

last digit indicates the welding position in which the electrode is capable of making

satisfactory welds: 1= all position – flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead; 2= flat and

horizontal fillet welding. The last two digits indicate the type of current to be used and

the type of covering on the electrode (see table 2)

Originally a color identification system was developed by the National Electrical

Manufacturers Association (NEMA) in conjunction with the American Welding

Society to identify the electrode’s classification. This was a system of color markings

applied in a specific relationship on the electrode.

Table 2 – AWS A5.1-69 electrode designations for covered arc-welding electrodes

Designation Current

Covering type

EXX10

EXX11

EXX12

EXX13

EXX14

EXX15

EXX16

EXX18

EXX20

EXX24

EXX27

EXX28

DC(+) only

AC or DC(+)

AC or DC(-)

Organic

Rutile

AC or DC(+ , -)

DC (+) only

AC or DC(+)

AC or DC(+ , -)

AC or DC(+)

Rutile, iron-powder (approx 30%)

Low – hydrogen

Low – hydrogen, iron-powder (approx 25%)

High iron-oxide

Rutile, iron-powder (approx 50%)

Mineral, iron-powder (approx 50%)

Low – hydrogen, iron-powder (approx 50%)

In addition to the classifications specified by the American Welding Society,

electrodes can be classsified by the characteristics of the molten metal and molten

flux during the welding operation. These broad classifications are fast-freeze, fast-fill,

and fill-freeze, the terms being descriptive of the operation of the electrode.

Fast-freeze electrodes

Fast-freeze electrodes are compounded to deposit weld metal that solidifies rapidly

after being melted by arc, and are thus intended specifically for welding in the vertical

and overhead positions.

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Fast- freeze electrodes provide deep penetration and maximum admixture. The weld

bead is flat with distinct ripples. Slag formation is light, and the arc is easy to control.

Applications for fast-freeze electrodes are:

1. General-purpose fabrication and maintenance welding

2. Vertical-up and overhead plate welds requiring X-ray quality

3. Pipe welding

4. Welds to be made on galvanized, plated, painted, or unclean surfaces

5. Joints requiring deep penetration, such as square-edge butt welds

6. Sheet- metal welds, including edge, conner, and butt welds

Fast-fill electrodes

Fast-fill electrodes are compounded to deposit metal rapidly in the heat of the arc and

are, thus, well suited to high-speed welding on horizontal surfaces. The weld metal

solidifies some what slowly; therefore this type of electrode is not well suited for out-

of-position welds.

Arc-penetration is shallow with minimum admixture. The bead is smooth, free of

ripples, flat or slightly convex. Spatter is negligible. Slag formation is heavy, and the

slag peels off rapidly.

Applications for fast-fill electrodes are:

1. Production weld on plate having a thickness of 3/16 or more.

2. Flat horizontal fillets, laps, and deep groove butt welds.

3. Welds on medium-carbon crack-sensitive steel when low-hydrogen

electrodes are not available. (Preheat may be required)

Fill-freeze electrodes

Fill-freeze electrodes are compounded to provide a compromise between fast-free

and fast-fill characteristics, and thus provide medium deposition rates and medium

penetration.

Applications for fill-free electrodes include:

1. Downhill fillet and lap welds

2. Irregular or short welds that change direction or position.

3. Sheet-metal lap or fillet welds

4. Fast-fill joints having poor fitup.

5. General-purpose welding in all position.

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Table 3 Welding parameter

Approximate Electrode Amperage Settings

Fast Freeze

E6010 - E6011

Fill Freeze

E6013 - E7014

Fast Fill

E7024 - E7028

Low Hydrogen

E7018

Diameter of

Electrode

Inches(Millimeters)

Current Setting

Amperes

Current Setting

Amperes

Current Setting

Amperes

Current Setting

Amperes

3/32 in (2.4 mm)

1/8 in (3.2 mm)

5/32 in (4.0 mm)

3/16 in (4.8 mm)

7/32 in (5.6 mm)

1/4 in (6.4 mm)

40 - 90

75 - 130

80 - 160

110 - 225

200 - 260

220 - 325

75 - 105

100 - 165

135 - 225

185 - 280

235 - 340

260 - 425

85 - 155

100 - 175

160 - 270

220 - 330

270 - 410

315 - 520

70 - 140

90 - 185

140 - 230

210 - 300

230 - 380

290 - 440

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

UNIT 4: WELDING TECHNOLOGY

Object: To introduce general about welding technology

I. VOCABULARY

- Manual welding:

- Mechanized welding :

- Automated welding :

- Fusion welding:

- Arc welding:

Hàn tay

Hàn

Hàn ự

Hàn

Hàn ắ

- Surfacing:

- Arc welding using a consumable electrode: Hàn dù ự

ch

- Arc welding using non-consumable electrode: Hàn qua dù ự

không nóng ch

- Submerged arc welding:

- Gas shielded arc welding:

Hàn d (Hàn h

Hàn g trong môi tr í

- TIG (Tungsten inert gas welding): Hàn ự w f í

ự trong môi í

- MIG – Metal inert gas welding: Hàn ự í

- MAG – Metal active gas welding: Hàn ự

í í

- Self-shielded welding:

- Pulsed arc welding:

- Manual arc welding:

- Automatic arc welding:

- Robotic welding:

Hàn ự

Hàn

Hàn ự

Hàn robot

- Double arc welding:

- Multi-arc welding:

- Twin electrode welding:

Hàn

Hàn 2 ự

- Semi-automatic arc welding: Hàn ự

- Plasma welding:

- Electroslag welding:

- Laser welding:

- Gas welding:

- Resistance welding:

- Spot welding:

- Resistance seam welding:

- Step-by-step welding:

- Constant:

Hàn plasma

Hàn ỉ

Hàn laze

Hàn khí

Hàn ở

Hàn

Liên

- Heat source:

- Gap:

, khe

- Withdraw:

Rút ủ ỏ

- Spark gap:

- Protect:

ử

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

- Adjust:

ỉ

- Maintain:

Duy trì

- Stainless steel:

- Concentrate:

- Equal (to):

Thép ỉ

T trung

T ân

II. GRAMMAR:

The passive voice with may, can, should and must

S + can / may / should / must + V + O

S + can / may / should / must + be + V__ed(Past participle)

Active:

Passive: These doors should be shut

Active: You can use the process to deposit metal to form a surface with alternative

properties.

You should shut these doors

Passive: The process can be used to deposit metal to form a surface with alternative

properties.

III. PRACTICE:

MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING

Manual metal arc (MMA) welding, also known as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW),

stick welding, or electric arc welding is a constant current drooping arc process (Figure

5).

In manual metal arc welding the heat source is an electric arc, which is formed between a

consumable electrode and the parent plate. The arc is formed by momentarily touching

the tip of the electrode onto the plate and then lifting the electrode to give a gap of 3 mm

– 6 mm between the tip and the plate. When the electrode touches the plate, current

commences to flow and as it is withdrawn the current continues to flow in the form of a

small spark across the gap, which will cause the air in the gap to become ionised, or made

conductive. As a result of this the current continues to flow even when the gap is quite

large. The heat generated is sufficient to melt the parent plate and also melt the end of the

electrode – the molten metal so formed is transferred as small globules across the arc into

the molten pool.

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Figure 5

Type of operation.

Manual.

Mode of Operation.

Arc melts parent plate and electrode to form a weld pool that is protected by the flux

cover. Operator adjusts the electrode feed rate, i.e. hand movement, to keep the arc length

constant. Slag must be removed after depositing each bead. Normally the SMAW

provides a small degree of penetration, requiring plate edge preparation. Butt welds in

thick plate; or large fillets are deposited in a number of passes. The process can also be

used to deposit metal to form a surface with alternative properties.

TUNGSTEN INERT GAS WELDING

Tungsten inert gas welding is a constant current drooping arc process. It is also known as

TIG, gas tungsten arc welding – GTAW, wolfram inert gas – WIG, and under the trade

names of argon arc and helium arc (Figure 6).

Figure 6

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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành công nghệ hàn

Type of Operation.

Usually manual, but can be mechanised.

Mode of Operation.

An arc is maintained between the end of a tungsten electrode and the work. The electrode

is not consumed and the current is controlled by the power source setting. The operator

must control the arc length and also add filler metal if needed to obtain the correct weld;

consequently, a high degree of skill is needed for the best results. The arc is unstable at

low currents. Special provision is made for starting (high frequency or surge injection)

and for welding thin materials (pulse TIG).

METAL INERT GAS WELDING

With a 'flat' volts/amps characteristic an attempted alteration in arc length (volts) will

have little effect, hence arc length (volts) remains constant but a significant change in

current will result. This is often referred to as the 'self-adjusting arc'. Metal Inert Gas

(MIG) welding is a 'flat' arc process (constant voltage process). Also known as Metal

Active Gas (MAG); CO2; Metal-arc Gas Shielded, flux core and GMAW (US). MIG can

be used on all materials, in all positions, with high productivity and low heat input. There

is no CO2 MIG welding with stainless steel. Normally DC positive though some flux

cored processes uses DC negative (Figure 7).

Figure 7

Type of Operation.

Manual, mechanised, semi-automatic and automated (robotics).

Mode of Operation.

Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành - Công nghệ hàn