Thực trạng, vai trò của logistics và quản trị chuỗi cung ứng trong phát triển kinh tế xã hội
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
THE SITUATION, ROLES OF LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRY 4.0
Tran The Tuan,
University Of Transport Technology
Bui Van Vien,
Dong A University
Abstract:
Along with the strong development of science and technology and the increasingly intensive
participation in the globalization process, logistics and supply chain activities, throughout from
production to consumption, are playing essential role for the socio-economic development and
the competitiveness of manufacturing, service industries and the economy as a whole. The
logistics industry in Vietnam has only been developed in recent years and has had many
opportunities to develop and participate more deeply in the logistics system worldwide. To
further learn about logistics, this writing work will give out the basic roles of logistics for the
socio-economic development of Vietnam, the development status of Vietnam‟s logistics industry
and finally, some solutions to develop logistics industry in the future.
Keywords: situation, role of logistics, supply chain.
THỰC TRẠNG, VAI TRÒ CỦA LOGISTICS VÀ QUẢN TRỊ CHUỖI
CUNG ỨNG TRONG PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ XÃ HỘI
Tóm tắt:
Cùng với sự phát triển mạnh mẽ của khoa học công nghệ và sự tham gia ngày càng sâu
rộng vào tiến trình toàn cầu hóa, các hoạt động logistic và chuỗi cung ứng xuyên suốt từ sản
xuất tới tiêu dùng ngày càng đóng vai trò đặc biệt quan trọng đối với sự phát triển kinh tế xã hội
và năng lực cạnh tranh của các ngành sản xuất, dịch vụ và toàn nền kinh tế nói chung. Lĩnh vực
logistic của Việt Nam mới phát triển trong vài năm trở lại đây và có nhiều cơ hội phát triển và
tham gia sâu hơn vào hệ thống logistic trên toàn thế giới. Để tìm hiểu rõ hơn về logistic, bài viết
này sẽ đưa ra những vai trò cơ bản của logistic đối với sự phát triển kinh tế xã hội của Việt
Nam, đưa ra những thực trạng phát triển của ngành logistic Việt nam và cuối cùng là một số
giải pháp nhằm phát triển ngành logistic trong tương lai.
Từ khóa: thực trạng, vai trò của logistics, chuỗi cung ứng.
207
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
1. The role of logistics and supply chain management in socio-economic development
When the global market develops with technological advances, with the opening of
markets in most developing countries, logistics is seen as a tool and a means to link different
fields in the strategies of enterprises. Logistics is a benefit factor of enterprises, in terms of time
and place of operation of enterprises. Logistics can handle both inputs and outputs for enterprises
effectively, optimizing the process of transporting materials, goods and services ... Logistics
helps reduce costs, increase competitive strategy for enterprises. Many enterprises have had great
success thanks to the right logistics strategies and activities. However, not few enterprises have
still encountered difficulties or even failed because of wrong decisions in logistics activities such
as wrong location choosing, inappropriate reserves, inefficient transportation organization, etc….
In addition, logistics also effectively supports marketing activities. It is logistics that plays a key
role in transporting the products to the right place, at the right time.
For the economy, the effective development of logistics industry will contribute to
increase the competitiveness of economies and countries. In the current strong global trend, the
competition between countries around the world is becoming fiercer and fiercer. This has made
logistics services become one of the country competitive advantages. Countries that are well
connected to the global logistics service network will have access to many markets and
consumers from countries around the world, such as Chile - a country that, although is far from
most big markets, play key role in the world‘s food market, providing fresh fish and difficultly
preserved fruits to consumers in Asia, Europe and North America. For these non-connected
countries, logistics costs will be very high and increasing, the possibility of losing opportunities
is also high, especially the poor countries located inland, most of which are in Africa
Developing logistics services will bring huge benefits to an economy because logistics is
a synergistic, efficient operation of this process, has a decisive importance to industry and trade
of each country. In developed countries, like the US and Japan, logistics accounts for 10% of
GDP. The development of logistics services is significant in ensuring that the operation and
production of other services are guaranteed on time and quality. The good development of
logistics will bring the possibility of reducing costs, improving the quality of products and
services.
However, logistics is only a small link in supply chain management. The concept of
value chains is used in many fields: in economic theory of input-output links; in the study of
French planning in the 1970s in the form of filière (series); in strategic management; and in the
study of world systems theory.
These approaches use different terms to describe value chains such as ―value systems‖
(Porter, 1985, 1990), ―value flows‖ (Mason-Jones & Naylor, 2000), ―production systems‖
(Wilkinson, 1995), ―value networks‖ (Berger et al., 1999),‖ ―global value chains‖ (Campbell,
1995), and ―production networks‖ (Henderson et al., 2002 ; Coe et al., 2004), ―value chain‖
(Kaplinsky, 1998; 2001); ―Value net‖ (Pil and Holveg, 2006). These concepts have many things
in common and, in many cases, can be used interchangeably. Value chain activities include
design, production, marketing and support to bring a product or service to the final consumer
208
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
(Kaplinsky and Morris, 2001). Sanogo (2010) added that an activity in a value chain is
institutional support at all stages of the chain.
Along with the strong development of the world economy towards globalization and
regionalization, the role of logistics is becoming increasingly important in linking activities in
the value chain, from activities of supplying, manufacturing, circulating and distributing to
market expanding for economic activities. When the global market develops with technological
advances, especially the opening of markets in developing and underdeveloped countries,
logistics is considered by managers as a tool, a means to connect different fields of enterprise
strategy. Effective logistics helps achieve the time and place goals for enterprises‘ operations.
Logistics plays an important role in optimizing the flow of production and business from the
input stage of raw materials, accessories ... to the final product to customers.
Effective logistics activities will help enterprises provide assurance in time-right place
criteria (just in time). This is particularly important as the process of economic globalization has
made the goods and their movements more diversified and complex, requiring strict
management, making new requirements for logistics services. loading forwarder. At the same
time, to avoid inventory, enterprises find the ways to minimize the inventory. As a result, the
circulation activities in general and logistics in particular must ensure ―just in time‖ forwarding,
and on the other hand, ensure the goal of controlling inventories at a minimum. The strong
development of information technology allows to closely combine the process of supply,
production, storage of goods and consumption with freight forwarding, making this process more
efficient and faster, but also more complicated.
2. Situation of logistics services and supply chain management in Vietnam
2.1. Situation of logistics activities in Vietnam
According to statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the growth rate of logistics
industry in Vietnam in recent years has reached about 14-16%, with a scale of about 40-42
billion USD/year. Based on the value chain of logistics in Vietnam, it can be seen that the
activities of the chain focus on inland forwarding, transport, port and airport exploiting
operations, warehousing, cargo management and international transport. According to the World
Bank‘s report ―Connecting for competition 2016: Logistics in the global economy‖, after score
increase in the previous four reports, the 2016 report for the first time recorded the score decline
of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) of Vietnam since the World Bank published this report in
2007 [1].
According to the above report, Vietnam is ranked 64/160 countries in terms of logistics
development and 4th in ASEAN after Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. Despite great potential,
up to now, the competitiveness of Vietnams logistics industry is still limited. The infrastructure
of both hardware and software as well as the management technology and policy environment,
although have been improved over the years, still needs to be strengthened to keep pace with the
development of regional partner countries and competitors. Most of Vietnam‘s logistics
enterprises are small and medium-sized, only able to meet the forwarding, warehousing, customs
209
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
clearance, retail consolidation services, and have not participated much in managing the whole
logistics chain as well FDI enterprises.
Table 1: Ranking of Vietnam’s logistics chain
Year
2007
Scores
2.89
2.96
3.00
3.15
2.98
3.27
Rankings
53
53
53
48
64
39
2010
2012
2014
2016
T7/2018
Source: Logistic in the global economy: World Bank
Transportation services
According to the General Statistics Office, in the first 10 months of 2017, the volume of
goods transport was 1,189.4 million tons, increasing by 10% over the same period last year, the
circulating volume reached 221.3 billion tons/km, increasing by 6.4%, of which domestic
transport reached 1,162.1 million tons, increasing by 10.3% and 111.4 billion tons/kilometer/km,
up 11.4%; overseas transport reached 27.4 million tons, increasing by 0.4% and 109.9 billion
tons/km, increasing by 1.8% [3].
In terms of transport sector, road transport reached 922.2 million tons, increasing by
10.6% and 59.1 billion tons/km, increasing by 11.8% over the same period last year; inland
waterways reached 205.2 million tons, increasing by 7.4% and 43.6 billion tons/km, increasing
by 8%; seaway reached 57.3 million tons, increasing by 9.6% and 115.1 billion tons/km,
increasing by 3.1%; railway reached 4.5 million tons, increasing by 8.1% and 2.9 billion
tons/km, increasing by 12.6%; air transport was 262.1 thousand tons, increasing by 8.8% and
675.9 million tons/km, increasing by 9.7% [3].
Data from the General Statistics Office shows that, by air transport, although the rates are
quite high, it accounts for a relatively small proportion of the total revenue from transport
activities. Sea transport is the mode that transports the most volume of goods, but mostly low-
value goods, so in terms of total revenue, the industry is still ranked behind road transport.
Transport and warehousing price index in the third quarter of 2017 increased by 0.49% over the
previous quarter and increased by 2.90% over the same period last year, of which the rail
transport rate increased by 3.08% and decreased by 2,21%; road and bus transportation increased
by 0.04% and by 1.20%; waterway increased by 0.50% and by 0.35%; airway increased by
2.52% and 9.28%; warehousing and transport support services increased by 0.15% and increased
210
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
by 1.58%. Generally, in the first 9 months of 2017, the freight and warehouse price index
increased by 212% compared to the same period in 2016 [1]. road transport still accounts for
the largest proportion with 95.75%, railway by 1.14%, aviation by 2.05%, inland waterways
by 0.19%, maritime by 0,01%. For freight transport, road transport currently accounts for
more than 70%, causing an imbalance among transport modes. However, due to the lack of
capacity and the low specialized tonnage, this mode is rarely used to transport import-export
goods across borders.
Warehouse services
Vietnam‘s warehousing services can be divided into two main segments: dry and
refrigerated storage warehouses [1]. The operation of this warehouse system is quite simple, only
for the purpose of preserving goods and optimizing storage costs. Some current companies are
strong in leasing and managing warehouses such as BS Logistics, Sotrans, Transimex,
Gemadept, U&I Logistics, Vinafco Draco Seaborne, BK Logistics, ALS, ITL ... [3]
Dry warehouse services: Serving the needs of manufacturers and distributors, especially
companies in the field of fast growing consumer goods with well-known companies such as
DKSH, DHL, Mappletrees, Gemadept, Draco, Vinafco and Transimex. Demand for logistics is
mainly from industrial exports and fast growing consumer markets, of which exports and grocery
retailers are expected to be the leading factors in logistics demand in the future thanks to the
number of FTAs signed. [1]
Refrigerated warehouse services: The demand for refrigerated warehouses is expected to
increase as trade in agriculture, forestry and fisheries and food industry develop. The first
commercial refrigerated warehouse was built in 1996 by Konoike Vinatrans, a joint venture
between Konoike Transport (Japan) and three Vietnamese enterprises including Vinatrans,
Vinalink and Vinafreight. By 1998, Swire Refrigerated Storge (Australia) built one of the most
modern refrigerated storage at the time. In 2007, Hung Vuong Joint Stock Company of Vietnam
built two refrigerated warehouses with a total capacity of 40,000 tons of goods to meet the its
own needs as well as the needs of other seafood enterprises and retail companies in the market.
Vietnam market has become attractive to refrigerated warehouse suppliers both at home and
abroad. The major suppliers of commercial refrigerated warehouses are concentrated in the
southern region due to the large demand for seafood storage for export. Foreign enterprises are
also taking full advantage of the potential of Vietna‖s refrigerated warehouse market thanks to
professional staff and modern equipment. A typical example is SWIRE - one of the first foreign
refrigerated warehouse suppliers that entered Vietnam market in 1998 with a professional
management team as well as modern equipment at that time. Other refrigerated warehouse
service providers are Lotte Sea (2009) and Preferred Freezer Services (2010). Up to now, foreign
enterprises still lead the market in quality thanks to the professional warehouse management
system and superior technology. Forecast on demand for refrigerated warehouse serving four key
sectors including seafood, meat, vegetables and retail will continue to increase in the coming
years. Of which, seafood export and retailing are expected to be the main drivers for increasing
refrigerated warehouse demand in Vietnam. Vietnam is expected to have 1,200 - 1,300
211
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
supermarkets, 180 shopping centers and 157 department stores by 2020. Distribution channels
including refrigerated warehouse will also lead to the strong growth in number and capacity to
satisfy the demand. [5]
Forwarding service
When import and export activities thrive, it is also the time when the entrustment demand
of companies receiving export goods or vice versa arises. Traditional forwarding activities are
divided into two segments: (i) freight forwarding with typical companies such as GMD, HMH,
STG and (ii) CFS (container freight station) or consolidation services, mainly dominated by
foreign companies. Domestic companies leasing warehouses such as TBS, Tan Cang Song Than,
Tan Cang Long Binh ... For consolidation services (CFS): Forwarding agents act as
consolidators and issue internal bill of lading. These people are required to have sole agents at
the major ports to carry out the loading/unloading of import and export goods. According to
estimates by the Department of Service Economics, the Ministry of Planning and Investment,
about 10% of Vietnamese forwarders are able to provide consolidation services at their own CFS
or CFS leased from contractors. These forwarders use the bill of lading as the carriers‘ bill of
lading, but only some of them buy insurance for freight forwarding. In addition, the strong
development of e-commerce in Vietnam (expected to reach US $ 10 billion before 2022), is
accelerating, following the demand of freight forwarding in this domestic market, which is
increasingly high in terms of quantity and substance. Enterprises/consignors also have more
options in choosing forwarding partners, with big names such as Viettel Post, VNPost, Saigon
Post, Giaohangnhanh, Shipchung, Giaohangtietkiem ... Viettel Post (Viettel Post Corporation)
with a network of 713/713 districts and a forwarding team of 4,000 people nationwide, having an
overwhelming advantage in the market. Since 2014, the company has invested heavily in
warehousing, forwarding team, forwarding route monitoring ... to catch the development of e-
commerce. Previously, VNPost (Vietnam Post Corporation), previously, only focused on postal
forwarding customers but now has swift to e-commerce enterprises. With a nationwide operating
system, along with 18,000 communal postmen and forwarding staff, VNPost has launched a
comprehensive solution for online stores, from advertising, forwarding, money collection to
after-sales services. ―Fast forwarding‖, although has only been established for 5 years (since
2012), is also becoming a major supplier in the forwarding market. So far, the company has had
86 consignment points, covering almost the whole country with the policy of ―compensation
regardless of reason‖ to compete. Forwarding services are also becoming a fertile ground for
foreign investors. On July 17, 2017, Deutsche Post DHL, one of the global express forwarding
companies, announced its participation in the domestic B2C shipping market in Vietnam, with a
representative as DHL eCommerce. DHL services will transport goods to points in Ho Chi Minh
City, Hanoi and central provinces within 1-2 days with services such as collecting money,
opening check boxes. ... The cooperation between DHL eCommerce and Bizweb allows small
and medium enterprises to access international quality forwarding services. In addition to
domestic forwarders, Bizweb website owner will be able to integrate DHL eCommerce,
managing each stage of use. Instead of having to log into DHL eCommerces system, to create
212
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
order information, website owners only need to create orders once in website administration,
then choose the forwarding company which is DHL eCommerce. The owner can also track the
automatic updates of the order status at each stage, without spending much time with the
forwarding company, focusing more on its business. In addition to traditional forwarding
companies, companies applying modern technology for fast forwarding have also soon appeared
such as Grab, Uber, Ship, Sapo ... Grap Express, for example, with the advantage of mobile
applications in transportation, has the advantage of being in the forwarding segment with the
price of VND 15,000 for the first 5 km (within Ho Chi Minh City), with free collection service
and less than one hour forwarding time. [1]
2.2. Actual situation of Logistic service enterprises
Currently, the total number of logistics enterprises in Vietnam is estimated at more than
3,000, of which 20% are state-owned, 70% are limited liability and private enterprises are 10%
(according to VLA survey).
Previously, domestic enterprises mainly acted as agents or undertook each stage of the
logistics service chain for international logistics service providers such as forwarders (domestic
and foreign agents), transportation, warehousing and loading services. In the context that
Vietnam is increasingly involved in international trade, enterprises are increasingly improving
their professional skills to provide a fuller range of services, even a ―door to door‖ service to
meet customers‘ needs. Currently, the worlds largest multinational logistics enterprises are
operating in Vietnam with well-known names such as DHL, FedEx, UPS, Maersk account for a
significant proportion of the logistics service market in the country. Thanks to their long term
experience, these enterprises have completed logistics lines that can provide services at 3PL and
4PL even 5PL levels. Vietnam‘s logistics enterprises are still quite young but growing quickly,
largely derived from traditional activities such as warehousing, transportation...and developing
integrated services with high added value content. However, currently, Vietnamese enterprises
account only a small market share. The performance among the enterprises is uneven,
unprofessional, logistics activities are still fragmented, lack of connection so they still can‘t
persuade consignors to increase outsourcing logistics services. [1]
2.3 Current situation of information technology application in logistics
According to a 2016 VLA survey, the application of information and communication
technology (ICT) in logistics activities of domestic enterprises is still very modest (mainly
concentrated in the field of customs declaration and GPS), both in terms of solutions, devices,
and ICT staff. No company has applied automation systems for warehouses and distribution
centers. Therefore, enterprises with 100% Vietnam capital need to have a breakthrough in
applying ICT to improve service quality, increase labor productivity and even change business
methods to be able to compete in the coming time. Currently, Vietnam has applied the following
typical technologies in logistics and supply chain management: [5]
Electronic customs declaration: Since April 2014, Vietnam Automated Customs
Clearance System (VNACCS) has been officially put into operation with Japanese support. With
high automation feature, VNACCS system has gradually replaced the old electronic customs
213
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
system. VNACCS allows connecting with other authorities to implement the Single Window,
through which importers can carry out procedures import and export licenses, food safety and
hygiene certificates, etc….
Global positioning system (GPS): Global positioning system technology (GPS), since
being developed for civil application, has quickly been welcomed. One of the most effective
applications is in the field of Transportation Vehicle Management. Together with the short
messaging (SMS) mobile Internet services, Internet technology, GPS has allowed the design of
basic applications such as accurate positioning on the road, vehicle management and operation,
determining vehicle at each road corner, anti-theft for vehicle self-driving rental applications.
Vietnam currently has about 53 accredited enterprises providing route monitoring equipment that
meet the requirements of QCVN 31:2014/BGTVT.
E-Tracking/Tracing of goods: This is a common technology in developed countries.
Service providers need to have information systems to ensure customer support services
accessible via an interface on the internet to know the status of goods.
Warehouse Management System (WMS): WMS is referred to as a warehouse
management and operating system, especially for 3PLs enterprises. There is no mandatory
regulation, but it is customary for logistics and distribution companies to equip this system.
Transport management system (TMS): The TMS system for logistics services should be
able to manage cargo activities at the same time by different mode, across different borders but
only by a single operator - Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO).
3. Solutions to develop logistics industry in Vietnam and the trends in information
technology application in logistics
3.1. Some solutions to develop logistics industry in Vietnam
Although logistics in Vietnam is growing at a relatively fast pace with strengths such as
Vietnamese logistics enterprises can handle almost all domestic transport, from port operations,
road transport, customs clearance agents, to warehouse operations, warehouse services.
However, Vietnamese logistics enterprises are still not competitive enough to reach out to the
international market, but only participate in domestic stages in the logistics chain, acting as
satellite suppliers for foreign logistics companies. Therefore, to enhance the financial capacity of
logistics enterprises, Vietnam needs to implement solutions as follows:
(1) Strengthen financial capacity for Vietnamese logistics enterprises. Because the size of
enterprises is very limited, due to limited financial capacity, difficulties in accessing loans of
commercial banks, due to lack of collaterals and limitations in the system of books, governance
and business plan building.
(2) Promote intra-sector cooperation, forming a closer link network, which is very
important to limit the current situation of scattered and isolated activities. Enterprises have the
strengths of flexibility and understanding of the domestic market, can meet niche and narrow
markets, especially the markets that large companies can hardly fill. The linkage and cooperation
among Vietnamese logistics enterprises will increase the efficiency and productivity of
enterprises, reducing idle time, from which enterprises grow gradually in scale. It is necessary to
214
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
improve the quality of human resources for logistics by organizing intensive training in
professional skills and skills for laborers working in logistics enterprises;
(3) Enhance the application of information technology in Vietnam‘s logistics enterprises
by promoting and applying information technology in managing logistics activities to reduce
costs while ensuring efficiency which is very important in the era of integration and development
of information technology. Promote private sector investment in small and medium-sized
innovative start-ups in logistics. This solution is being implemented by the Government, initially
promulgating Decree No.38/2018/ND-CP dated March 11, 2018, detailing the investment for
small and medium-sized innovative start-ups in logistics, guide the Law on Supporting Small
and Medium Enterprises.
(4) Besides, the consideration of tax incentives for creative start-ups investors also needs
to be strengthened.
3.2. Trends in applying new technologies in logistics
Robot in warehouse: According to a forecast of a reputable consulting firm, the demand
for robot automation equipment in the warehouse will be a booming market in the next 5 years
together with the boom of E-commerce. The average growth rate is 65% annually, the market value
of 2017 is 3 billion USD and by 2021 is 20.5 billion USD. In Vietnam, Logistics Stars Link is an
authorized supplier of this system. This technology was introduced for the first time at the seminar
―Developing infrastructure, increasing product lines and applying technologies in logistics‖
organized by the Ministry of Industry and Trade on October 19, 2017 in Ho Chi Minh City.
Automated sorting center: The sorting (separating, selecting, classifying) of goods during
traditional transportation is done semi-automatically with the barcode application to identify
packages, after which the workers will classify manually at the hubs for transshipment and
forwarding. When the number of orders and the speed of processing increase, the manual
productivity and accuracy will not meet the work requirements, so automatic sorters are
required. This equipment is designed as a straight or circular chain with one or several inputs and
lots of outputs, which the final destinations or groups of goods to be classified. It can divide,
select and sort common items such as parcel envelopes, boxes, containers, and irregular shaped
packages. The average designed weight does not exceed 20 kg/piece. The average productivity
varies depending on the demand, which can range from 1,500 to 6,000 packages/hour; large
capacity can reach 18,000 packages/hour. Transport routes may include road, air and multimodal
transport.
Augmented reality: AR is a technology that integrates input information such as audio,
video, graphics or GPS data from computer to actual view of the users. AR is rapidly becoming
an important technology, helping to connect the real and virtual worlds. In logistics, this
technology can help workers quickly identify shipment information, thereby speeding up
forwarding time. DHL has tested AR in Europe and the United States by equipping warehouse
workers AR smart glass to help them get consignments in order, making the work 30% faster.
AR can be helpful to any employee who is not sitting at a desk but needs access to essential
information, without using his hands.
215
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Automated production and online sales: This is a trend that has been applied by the
world‘s advanced manufacturers in the past, but it is certain that it will develop into
comprehensively automated production-trade chain and this trend will become very popular in
the near future. An example of this is Nike‘ gradual cutting of labor low-cost plants in Asia,
moving to manufacturing with automated technology. Accordingly, they are shrinking the
number of plants.
Forwarding with drones and droid robots: Amazon and Walmart began testing drones to
track inventories and deliver small parcels and in-store delivery. The market for this smart
device is expected to grow at an annualized rate of 20.7%, reaching $22.15 billion by 2020. In
addition, droid is a small deliver robot that can move on the pavements, roadsides have the most
potential with logistics, retail and e-commerce companies. The robot-assisted forwarding
solutions will help enterprises deal with final segment forwarding, which accounts for 30-40% of
the total forwarding costs, and reduce actual forwarding costs.
Conclusion
The development trend of logistics industry in the world today will develop from a
service industry to become a throughout service supply chain and determine the competitiveness
of an economy. The 4.0 revolution with outstanding developments in the field of artificial
intelligence, combined with the internet connection network, is changing the whole perspective
of the global logistics industry in general and Vietnam logistics industry in particular. The
logistics industry in Vietnam has obtained remarkable achievements but still has some
unavoidable weaknesses such as a number of factors such as administrative procedures, logistic
infrastructure, and training network in logistics haven‘t been systemized, capital sources for
development of logistic infrastructure have not been diversified. However, given the existing
strengths, it is certain that Vietnam‘s logistics industry will have outstanding developments in
the years to come.
References
1. Ministry of Industry and Trade (2018). Report on Asean Logistic market situation. Hanoi:
Industrial and Commercial Information Center.
2. Dowsett, T. (2017). Blockchain and the supply chain. MHD Supply Chain Solutions, 47(6),
42.
3. GSO. (2018, 2 1). General Statistics Office. Retrieved from Press release on annual socio-
economic situation 2017:
4. Hackius, N., & Petersen, M. (2017). Blockchain in logistics and supply chain: trick or treat?
In Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), 3-18.
216
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
5. Logistic Viet nam. (2018, 3 5). Retrieved from Actual situation of logistics enterprises in
tp-ha-noi
6. Mason-Jones, R., & Naylor, B. (2000). Engineering the leagile supply chain. International
Journal of Agile Management Systems, 54-61.
7. Sanogo, I. (2010). How to conduct a food commodity value chain analysis. Retrieved from
World
Food
Program.
Retrieved
from
wfp.
org/stellent/groups/public/documents/manual_gu ide_proced/wfp226670. pdf, 127.
8. Stonehouse, G., Campbell, D., Hamill, J., & Purdie, T. (2009). Global and transnational
business: Strategy and management. John Wiley & Sons.
217
11 trang
21180
Free
Bạn đang xem tài liệu "Thực trạng, vai trò của logistics và quản trị chuỗi cung ứng trong phát triển kinh tế xã hội", để tải tài liệu gốc về máy hãy click vào nút Download ở trên
File đính kèm:
- thuc_trang_vai_tro_cua_logistics_va_quan_tri_chuoi_cung_ung.pdf
