Tham gia chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa ở Việt Nam: Thực trạng – giải pháp
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
PARTICIPATING IN THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN OF SMALL AND
MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM: CURRENT SITUATION AND
SOLUTIONS
Do Thi Minh Nham and Do Minh Nam,
University of Finance and Business Administation
Abstract:
In Vietnam at present, small and medium-sized enterprises play a very important role in
contributing to the socio-economic development, but the competitiveness of this group of
enterprises is still very limited. not deeply involved in global value chains. In the article, the
author clarifies the necessity, the current situation of participating in the global value chain of
small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam, thereby explaining the reasons for giving
solutions so that Vietnamese enterprises can step by step find foothold in the global value chain.
Keywords: Small and medium-sized businesses, global value chains
THAM GIA CHUỖI GIÁ TRỊ TOÀN CẦU CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA Ở
VIỆT NAM: THỰC TRẠNG – GIẢI PHÁP
Tóm tắt:
Ở Việt Nam hiện nay doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa có vai trò hết sức to lớn trong việc đóng
góp vào tăng trưởng phát triển kinh tế xã hội, tuy nhiên năng lực cạnh tranh của khối doanh
nghiệp này còn rất hạn chế, chưa tham gia sâu rộng vào chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu. Trong bài viết
tác giả làm rõ sự cần thiết, thực trạng tham gia chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và
vừa Việt Nam, từ đó tìm hiểu nguyên nhân để đưa ra giải pháp giúp cho doanh nghiệp Việt có
thể từng bước tìm chỗ đứng vững chắc trong chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu.
Từ khóa: Doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa, chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were identified by the Party at the XII
Congress as an important driving force, the pillar of the economy, accounting for 98% of the
total number of businesses, creating 63% of the total jobs for workers [1]. However, the SMEs
sector is still very limited, vulnerable to market fluctuations and not yet meeting the
requirements of multinational companies investing in Vietnam. In the context of globalization of
153
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
the world economy, for the SMEs sector to exist and develop, the inevitable direction is to
gradually participate in the global value chain.
1. Value chain and the need to join the global value chain of small and medium enterprises
With the development of world trade, the concept of value chains was born in 1985 as
described by Michael Porter: ―A value chain consists of a series of activities carried out within a
companies to produce a certain output. ‖According to this definition, the value chain is a
collection of all activities that create or add value to products (such as design, production,
marketing, distribution and customer service). As the world trade is growing, the concept of
global value chains appears, according to OECD (2013): ―Global value chains are the whole
process of producing goods, from raw materials to finished products. products, implemented
wherever the skills and raw materials needed to produce are available at competitive prices as
well as guaranteeing the quality of the finished product. ‖ Accordingly, the authors Baldwin and
LopezGonzalez affirmed that the global value chain is a flow of goods, services, investments,
training and transfers that circulate among countries. There have been many authors arguing that
global value chains exist in tandem, in addition to the concept of global supply chains. Most
countries want to participate in global value chains or supply chains because countries can take
advantage of labor, raw materials, technology, markets, tariffs and connectivity for domestic
businesses to supply components, equipment and support products. , input for large enterprises in
the world, etc. and especially for developing countries can accelerate the process of
industrialization and modernization of the country. That is also the reason that Vietnam has
signed many new generation free trade agreements, including the Comprehensive and
Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which has brought a lot of
opportunities but also many challenges for Vietnamese businesses, including SMEs.
In Vietnam today, in the types of production and business, SMEs have a pervasive power
in all areas of the socio-economic life, accounting for 98% of the total number of businesses and
significantly contributing to economic growth. , namely: In the period of 2011-2015, about 30%
of total state budget revenue, 35% of total social capital investment and 25% of the total export
turnover of the whole country contributed nearly 50% to growth. annual economy [3], in 2017
contributed 45% of the national GDP [1], whereby SMEs have created many jobs for workers.
With that importance, the National Assembly of Vietnam has passed the Law. Supporting SMEs
and taking effect from January 1, 2018, in order to create motivation for the development of this
group of enterprises.Besides the role of contributing to promoting socio-economic development,
SMEs There are many shortcomings such as: low capital, low professional level, outdated
technology, low labor productivity, lack of experience working with foreign enterprises, low
competitiveness, ...
So for SMEs to survive and thrive in the context of open integration with many
opportunities (very large market access) and also many challenges (competitors and competition
will be more) then the introduction of Our products participating in the global value chain is an
inevitable direction, from which can build, develop brands and create a foothold in the world
market.
154
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
2. Situation of participating in global value chain of small and medium-sized enterprises
Over the past 20 years, Vietnam has successfully used open policies to attract FDI with
the aim of helping the domestic economy to catch up and integrate into the international market,
creating more jobs. jobs, transfer of modern science and technology, especially strengthening
connectivity and creating conditions for SMEs to participate in the stages of global value chains,
increasing the localization rate of products, thereby contributing to the socio-economic
development of the country. As a result, there have been many FDI enterprises in Vietnam,
including large enterprises in the world (LG, Samsung, Intel, Microsoft, Mitsubishi ...), this is an
opportunity to create spillover and connectivity for Domestic SMEs participate in the global
value chain. Including the world famous Samsung investor with a total registered capital of 17
now to 2020, they need about 500 Vietnamese enterprises to supply components and equipment
and so far, about 210 satellite enterprises have been suppliers for this company (of which there
leading chip manufacturing corporation, Intel is eager to increase the localization rate for its
products, but the number of Vietnamese enterprises accepted to be their suppliers is not much
(20 enterprises). in 2018, FDI enterprises accounted for 70% of our country's exports [4], but the
suppliers for FDI enterprises investing in Vietnam are mostly enterprises of other countries,
while billions of The localization rate for products is low, only about 33%, which makes FDI
enterprises not entitled to many preferential policies in the country, resulting in them having to
import a lot (47.1%). Costs increase more than expected when investing.
In general, FDI enterprises said that very few Vietnamese enterprises participated in the
value chain to meet the requirements of technology and technology, they were not really
satisfied with the quality of products of Vietnamese enterprises. The Vietnamese SME sector
basically only works as a subcontractor (level 3 or level 4) with small orders, most Vietnamese
enterprises are limited in the ability to supply components, equipment and not yet. meet technical
requirements, quality as well as price and often participate in the lowest stages (outsourcing,
assembly) of the supply chain, so the value and efficiency brought to the economy are not
Currently, about 21% of SMEs participate in the global supply chain, this figure is much lower
than other countries in ASEAN (Thailand is 30%, Malaysia is 46%) [2], The reasons for our
country's SMEs in recent years have been difficult to participate in the global value chain are:
Products created by Vietnamese SMEs have high input costs that reduce their
competitiveness with domestic FDI enterprises. On the other hand, due to the low management
capacity, lack of professionalism, lack of experience in working with foreign enterprises, the
lack of highly skilled workers and inadequately standardized management systems. Accordingly,
the manufacturing and distribution process is not streamlined, does not exploit its full potential
and is not in line with international standards, and the ability to link and access trade is limited.
In addition, the SME sector is also constrained by backward capital, technology and equipment,
resulting in inadequate production scale, low labor productivity, and high cost. These are the
causes that create barriers for Vietnam's SME sector to participate in the global value chain.
155
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
3. Solutions to promote small and medium-sized enterprises participating in the global
supply chain
In order for the SMEs sector to take advantage of the opportunity to become a supplier
for FDI enterprises, under which Vietnamese enterprises can participate in the global value
chain, it is necessary to make efforts and efforts from enterprises and The support from the state,
the author offers a number of solutions below.
- On the state side
+ Continuing to promulgate open-door policies for SMEs that have many opportunities to
access favorable resources to proactively go deep into the digital economy, take advantage of the
opportunities and face challenges. The current.
+ Continue to support SMEs to improve competitiveness through the development of
training programs, seminars to exchange experiences on brand development skills, carrying out
promotional activities, information seeking. , study access to capital as well as major export
markets. In addition, the state continues to increase support in the formation and development of
full and synchronized associations and supply chains, encouraging the expansion of horizontal
and vertical links between domestic and foreign enterprises. country. Although in recent times
the state has also paid attention, supporting connectivity for domestic SMEs with foreign
businesses, specifically on July 23, 2019 Center for Trade and Investment Promotion (ITPC)
coordinates in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID) to co-organize the workshop "Connecting Enterprises of Industrial and Export
Processing Zones into the global value chain". Thereby SMEs capture market information,
integration trends, new business thinking, as well as international regulations, which must be
followed when being suppliers to FDI enterprises.
+ The State needs to improve the business environment more openly, streamline
administrative procedures, reduce business investment costs such as logictis fees, reduce
corporate income tax for SMEs, thereby promoting production and consumption activities. for
both SMEs and FDI enterprises.
+ In addition, the state should support the consumption of products through strengthening
the connection between manufacturing enterprises and domestic distribution enterprises. At the
same time, there is a mechanism to promote the development and development of relationships
between SMEs with FDI enterprises through tariff and financial incentives for both parties when
there are many signed contracts.
- Towards small and medium-sized businesses
+ Proactively train to improve management, professional and technical qualifications for
workers as well as access and upgrade modern science and technology to be able to meet and
absorb the production process in accordance with standards. , cost savings, lower production
costs. Accordingly SMEs can improve the quality of human resources with good qualifications
and professional capacity, meet the requirements of an integrated economy, improve quality and
enhance competitiveness.
156
HỘI THẢO QUỐC TẾ: PHÁT TRIỂN
DOANH NGHIỆP NHỎ VÀ VỪA CỦA VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CÔNG NGHIỆP 4.0
+ Proactively accessing preferential capital sources of the state, domestic and foreign
organizations, actively participating in horizontal linkages (between manufacturing enterprises),
vertical links (between manufacturing enterprises and distribution companies) both at home and
abroad to expand the capacity of production and consumption of products, whereby SMEs will
gradually adapt and improve to meet the requirements of multinational companies. , it is also an
opportunity to access the global value chain.
+ SMEs should actively attend the seminars conducted by the Center for Trade and
Investment Promotion, which will be supported to connect with buyers, provide free training and
advice on technical knowledge. ability to improve business value and competitiveness, access to
loans. At the same time, the SMEs sector should actively learn from the experience of working
with FDI enterprises on issues such as strategy development, product branding, negotiation
agreements, grasping international laws and regulations to comply. comply with commitments,
requirements on progress and quality of products, thereby building trust with partners, creating
good relationships in cooperation and signing contracts with multinational companies, whereby
step by step Participate in the global value chain in a sustainable manner.
The above are solutions to contribute to promoting Vietnam's SMEs to improve
competitiveness and increasingly create a foothold in the global value chain.
REFERENCES
1. Https://congluan.vn/usaid-ho-tro-doanh-nghiep-nho-va-vua-viet-nam-tham-gia-vao-chuoi-
cung-ung-post61321.html
2. Http://thoibaotaichinhvietnam.vn/pages/kinh-doanh/2019-04-11/doanh-nghiep-viet-chua-tan-
dung-duoc-khoang-trong-cung-ung-san-pham-phu- ash-69996.aspx
3. Ministry of Planning and Investment (2017), Vietnam white book for small and medium
enterprises, Department of Enterprise Development.
4. Https: //vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/dau-tu/danh-roi-58-ty-usd-vi-it-chen-chan-vao-chuoi-
gia-tri-toan-cau
157
5 trang
18200
Free
Bạn đang xem tài liệu "Tham gia chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa ở Việt Nam: Thực trạng – giải pháp", để tải tài liệu gốc về máy hãy click vào nút Download ở trên
File đính kèm:
- tham_gia_chuoi_gia_tri_toan_cau_cua_doanh_nghiep_nho_va_vua.pdf
