Bài giảng Organic chemistry - Chapter 10: Alcohols-phenols - Phan Nam
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Dr Nam T. S. Phan
Faculty of Chemical Engineering
HCMC University of Technology
Office: room 211, B2 Building
Phone: 38647256 ext. 5681
Email: [email protected].vn
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Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS
NOMENCLATURE OF ALCOHOLS
Common names: alkyl + alcohol
IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + ol
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PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS
Alcohols from alkenes
Markovnikov’s rule
H2SO4, H3PO4…
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Anti-Markovnikov
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Alcohols from alkyl halides
Carbocation rearrangements may occur
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Alcohols from aldehydes & ketones
Aldehydes & ketones can also be reduced using
LiAlH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru …
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Alcohols from carboxylic acids & derivatives
Can NOT use NaBH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru… for acids
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Alcohols from Grignard reagents
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REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS
Reactions of proton in -OH
Can NOT react with NaOH
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Dehydration reactions
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isomerization
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Primary alcohol
Internal alkene
1-alkenes can NOT be prepared using the
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dehydration reaction
Conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides
Only in acidic conditions
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isomerization
PCl3,
SOCl2
… can
also be
used
NO carbocation formation,
NO rearrangement
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Can NOT work for tertiary alcohols due to steric hindrance
Conversion of alcohols to ethers
Only for
symmetric ether
Only effective for primary alcohols
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Reaction mechanism:
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