Bài giảng Phát triển phần mềm phân tán - Bài 13: GUI and event programming (Tiếp theo) - Vũ Thị Hương Giang
LESSON XIIIGUI and Event
Programming (2/2)
Vu Thi Huong Giang
1
Objectives
• After this lesson, students (learners) can:
– Create menus inside an AWT application
– Process action when choosing a menu item
– Create shortcuts for menu items
– Create a popup menu when right-clicking on any AWT
components
– Understand Swing’s advanced features compared to
AWT’s
– Write Swing application
2
Content
IV. AWT Menu
V. Programming GUI with Swing
3
IV. AWT menu
Menu
• Class hierarchy:
MenuComponent
MenuBar
MenuItem
CheckBoxMenuItem
Menu
PopupMenu
4
4.1. Steps to add menus to a Frame
• 1. Create a MenuBar
MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();
• 2. Create a Menu
Menu m = new Menu("File");
• 3. Add MenuItem to the menu
m.add(new MenuItem("Open"));
m.add(new CheckboxMenuItem("Type here"));
• 4. Add the menu to the Menubar
mb.add(m);
• 5. add the MenuBar to the Frame by calling the
setMenuBar() method
5
Example of a menu-description
• Application:
– Create a MenuBar which has
• A Menu: Help which has
– 2 MenuItem: Basics, Advanced
– A CheckboxMenuItem: Manual
– A Menu: Miscellaneous which has
» 2 MenuItem: Help, Other Option
– Event Handling: if we click on menu item Basics and Help,
application prints something to the screen
6
Example of a menu – our Frame class
public class MainWindow extends Frame {
public MainWindow() {
super("Menu Window");
setSize(400, 400);
HelpMenu helpMenu = new HelpMenu();
MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();
mb.add(helpMenu);
setMenuBar(mb);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false);
dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
MainWindow w = new MainWindow();
w.setVisible(true);
}
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}
Example of a menu – our Menu class
public class HelpMenu extends Menu implements ActionListener {
public HelpMenu() {
super("Help");
MenuItem mi;
add(mi = new MenuItem("Basics"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(mi = new MenuItem("Advanced"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
addSeparator();
add(mi = new CheckboxMenuItem("Manual"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
Menu subMenu = new Menu("Miscellaneous");
subMenu.add(mi = new MenuItem("Help"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
subMenu.add(mi = new MenuItem("Other Option"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(subMenu);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String item = e.getActionCommand();
if (item.equals("Basics"))
System.out.println("Basics");
else if (item.equals("Help"))
System.out.println("Help");
}
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}
4.2. Menu Shortcuts
• How to quickly invoke a MenuItem?
– Using Keyboard Shortcut
• When you create a MenuItem, using this constructor
to associate it with a keyboard shortcut
MenuItem(String label, MenuShortcut s)
• MenuShortcut constructors:
/*Constructs a new MenuShortcut for the specified key*/
public MenuShortcut(int key)
/*Constructs a new MenuShortcut for the specified key*/
public MenuShortcut(int key, boolean useShiftModifier)
– key: raw key code (each key has one)
– useShiftModifier: whether this MenuShortcut is invoked
with the SHIFT key down (Otherwise, CTRL only)
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Example of Menu shortcuts
• Modify the previous example so that we can access Basics
menu item with CTRL+B and Help menu item with
CTRL+SHIFT+H
public HelpMenu() {
super("Help");
MenuItem mi;
add(mi = new MenuItem("Basics", new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_B)));
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(mi = new MenuItem("
mi.addActionListener(this);
addSeparator();
add(mi = new CheckboxMe
mi.addActionListener(this);
Menu subMenu = new Menu
subMenu.add(mi = new Menent.VK_H, true)));
mi.addActionListener(this);
subMenu.add(mi = new Men
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(subMenu);
}
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4.3. PopupMenu
• PopupMenu:
– extends Menu
– can be add to any Component, using add(aPopupMenu)
– Can be deinstalled from Component, using
remove(aPopupMenu)
– is activated when the user holds the right mouse button
• Constructors:
– public PopupMenu()
• creates an untitled PopupMenu.
– public PopupMenu(String label)
• creates a PopupMenu with a title of label
– Once created, the menu can be populated with menu
items like any other menu
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4.3. PopupMenu
• Method to display the PopupMenu
– public void show(Component origin, int x, int y)
– x, y: location at which the pop-up menu should appear;
origin specifies the Component whose coordinate system
is used to locate x and y
• How to check whether the popup was triggered
by right mouse click?
– use isPopupTrigger() method of MouseEvent class.
– Note: Popup menus are triggered differently on different
systems
• Therefore, isPopupTrigger should be checked in both
mousePressed and mouseReleased
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4.3. Popup menu Example - Description
• Application:
– Has a Popup menu and a textfield
– When Popup menu is triggered, the selection will be
displayed on the textfield
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public class PopupMenuDemo extends Frame {
TextField msg; PopupAppMenu m;
4.3. Popup menu
Example
public PopupMenuDemo() {
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
msg = new TextField(20);
msg.setEditable(false); add(msg);
m = new PopupAppMenu(this); add(m);
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
if (e.isPopupTrigger()) m.show(e.getComponent(), e.getX(), e.getY());
}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
if (e.isPopupTrigger()) m.show(e.getComponent(), e.getX(), e.getY());
}
});
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false); dispose(); System.exit(0);
}
});
setSize(200, 200); setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
PopupMenuDemo app = new PopupMenuDemo();
}
}
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4.3. Popup menu Example
class PopupAppMenu extends PopupMenu implements ActionListener {
PopupMenuDemo ref;
public PopupAppMenu(PopupMenuDemo ref) {
super("File");
this.ref = ref;
MenuItem mi;
add(mi = new MenuItem("Copy"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(mi = new MenuItem("Open"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(mi = new MenuItem("Cut"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
add(mi = new MenuItem("Paste"));
mi.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String item = e.getActionCommand();
ref.msg.setText("Option Selected: " + item);
}
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}
Content
IV. AWT Menu
V. Programming GUI with Swing
16
V. Swing
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Swing features
5.3. Swing API
5.4. Sample Swing Application
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5.1. Introduction
• Java Foundation Classes (JFC):
– Swing API
– Accessibility API
– Java 2D API
– Pluggable look and feel supports.
– Drag-and-drop support between Java and native
applications
• Swing appeared after JDK 1.1
• Swing is a rich set of easy-to-use, easy-to-
understand GUI components
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5.2. Swing features
• Huge:
– 18 packages
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5.2. Swing features
• Written in pure java
• Swing components are lightweight
• Swing components support pluggable look-and-feel
• Swing supports mouse-less operation
• Swing components support "tool-tips".
• Swing components are JavaBeans
• Swing application uses AWT event-handling classes
• Swing application uses AWT's layout manager
• Swing implements double-buffering and automatic
repaint batching
• Swing supports floating toolbars (in JToolBar), splitter
control, "undo"
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