Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành - Quản trị mạng máy tính

UNIT 1: CONFIGURATION

I.

Vocabulary

A. In pairs, discuss these questions.

-Have you got a computer at home, school or work? What kind is it?

-How often do you use it? What do you use it for?

-What are the main components and features of your computer system?

B. In pairs, label the elements of this computer system.

C.Use the diagram to help you match the terms in the box with the

appropriate explanation or definition below.

software

Central Processing Unit

1 The brain of the computer.

2. Physical parts that make up a computer system.

peripheral devices

monitor

output

port

input

floppy disk

hardware

3. Programs which can be used on a particular computer system.

4. The information which is presented to the computer.

5. Results produced by a computer.

6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.

7. Visual display unit.

8. Small device used to store information. Same as 'diskette'.

9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may

be connected.

II.

Exercises

Task 1.Complete the text below with the words in the box.

systems memory task terminals desktop CAD

applications

The first microcomputers, also known as (1)'.......................' PCs, were for

single users only, and this clearly distinguished them from minicomputers. Another

important difference was that 'minis' were much more powerful than 'micros': they could

execute more than one(2) .................... simultaneously and were used as file servers for

(3) ................. and workstations. However, modern microcomputers have operating(4)

............................ and network facilities that can support many simultaneous users.

Today, most personal computers have enough(5)..................... to be used for word

processing and business (6)............................ . Some PCs can

even

handle

multitasking and (7)....................... applications. As a result, the division between

'minis' and 'micros' is now disappearing.

Task 2. About the keyboard

A. Look at the picture of a PC-compatible keyboard on the following page and

identify these groups of keys.

1

2

Alphanumeric keys: arranged in the same order as a typewriter.

Function keys: used by various programs to instruct the PC to perform

specific tasks such as Save, Copy, Cut, Paste, Help, etc.

Numeric keypad: set of numeric or editing keys. The Num Lock key is used

to switch from numbers to editing functions.

Editing keys: cursor and other keys usually used within word processors to

page up and down in a long document or to edit text (using Insert or Delete

keys)

3

4

5

Special keys: used to issue commands or to produce alternative characters in

key combinations, for example, the Alt key.

A PC-compatible keyboard

B. Match these descriptions with the names of keys on the right. Then find them on

the keyboard.

1

A long key at the bottom of the keyboard. Each time it is

pressed, it produces a blank space. (=…………….)

arrow

keys

2

3

It moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line. It is also

used to confirm commands. (=…………….)

return

caps lock

shift

It stops a program without losing the information from the

main memory. Sometimes, its use depends on the

applications. (=…………….)

4

5

6

7

8

It works in combination with other keys to produce special

characters or specific actions. (=…………….)

It removes the character on the left of the cursor or any

selected text. (=…………….)

tab

It produces UPPER-CASE characters. (or the upper-case

character of the key). (=…………….)

escape

It produces upper-case letters, but it does not affect numbers

and symbols. (=…………….)

space bar

backspace

It moves the cursor horizontally to the right for a fixed

number of spaces (in tabulations and data fields).

(=…………….)

9

They are used to move the cursor, as an alternative to the

alt

mouse. (=…………….)

UNIT 2: OPERATING SYSTEMS

I. Vocabulary

A. Look at the diagram. What is the function of the operating system?

computer

Peripherals (printer, mouse,

keyboard, etc.)

operating system

Applications/programs

User

(word processors,databases,etc.)

B. Read the text below and complete it with the phrases in the box.

applications software operating system software system software

Information provided by programs and data is known as (I)............... Programs are sets

of instructions that make the computer execute operations and tasks. There are two main

types of software:

- The (2) ................................ refers to all the programs which control the basic

functions of a computer. They include operating systems, system utilities (e.g. an

anti-virus program, a back-up utility) and language translators (e.g. a compiler - the

software that translates instructions into machine code).

- The (3) ......................................... refers to all those applications -such as word

processors and spreadsheets - which are used for specific purposes. Applications

are usually stored on disks and loaded into the RAM memory when activated by

the user.

The (4).......................................... is the most important type of system software. It is

usually supplied by the manufacturers and comprises a set of programs and files that

control the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It controls all the

elements that the user sees, and it communicates directly with the computer. In most

configurations, the OS is automatically loaded into the RAM section when the computer

is started up.

II. Exercises

Task 1: Match the DOS commands on the left -with the explanations on the right.

Some commands are abbreviations of English words.

a) erases files and programs from your disk.

1 FORMAT

b) copies all files from one floppy disk to another.

c) changes your current directory.

d) initializes a floppy disk and prepares it for use.

e) displays a list of the files of a disk or directory.

f) changes names of your files.

2 CD(orCHDIR)

3 DIR

4 MD(orMKDIR)

g) creates a subdirectory.

5 DISKCOPY

6 BACKUP

h) saves the contents of the hard disk on floppy disks for

security purposes. This command checks the disk space on

floppies and splits the files as necessary to use the space

efficiently.

7 REN (or

RENAME)

8 DEL

Task 2.Quiz: Answer the questions

1 What name is given to the set of programs that interface between the user, the

applications programs and the computer?

2 What type of programs are designed for particular situations and specific purposes?

3 What does 'MS-DOS' stand for?

4 What is the basic DOS command for copying a file?

5 The Macintosh operating system is kept in various locations. Where exactly are these?

6 Can you give a synonym for the term 'routine'?

7 What is the abbreviation for 'International Business Machines'?

8 Which company developed Unix?

9 Which operating system designed by DEC Corp. is based on Unix?

10 What are the effects of computer viruses?

UNIT 3: INTERNET SOFTWARE

I.

Vocabulary

Task 1 :Try to answer these questions:

1 What is the Internet?

2 What can you do on the Internet?

Make a list of possible applications.

Task 2.Which Internet utility (1 to 7) would you use to do each of these tasks (a to g)?

1 email

2 Web browser

3 Newsreader

a send a message to another person via the Internet

b transfer files from the Internet to your hard disk

c have a live conversation (usually typed) on the Internet

4 IRC/chat program d connect to a remote computer by entering certain instructions

and run programs on it.

5 FTP software

e take part in public discussion areas, called newsgroups

6 Videoconferencing f fetch and view Web pages on the Internet

7 Telnet

g participate in live conversations, using text, audio, and video.

II.Exercises

Choose the right answer. Read the text and check the answer.

1. An Internet service provider (ISP) is

a. a program that connects you to the Internet.

b. a company that gives you access to the Internet.

2. HTML is

a the software which allows you to fetch and see Web pages.

b the codes used to create hypertext documents for the Web.

3. An IRC channel is

a an IRC discussion area.

b a computer system dedicated to IRC.

4. Usenet is

a a big system of public discussion groups.

b a newsgroup.

5 An intranet is

a like small version of the Internet inside a company.

b a commercial online service.

Internet Software

Internet telephone and video chatting are

based on IRC protocols.

Email

Videoconferencing programs enable

users to talk to and see each other, and

collaborate. They are used in intranets –

company networks that use Internet

software but make their Web site

accessible only to employees and

authorized users.

Email is your personal connection to the

Internet. It allows you to exchange

messages with people all over the world.

It can include text, pictures, and even

audio and animation.

When you set up an account with an ISP,

you are given a unique address and

anyone can send you email. The mail you

receive is stored on the server of your

ISP until you next connect and download

it to your hard disk.

FTP and Telnet

With FTP software, you can copy

programs, games, images, and sounds

from the hard disk of a remote computer

to your hard disk. Today, this utility is

built into Web browsers.

Web browsers

The Web is a hypertext-based system

where you can find news, pictures,

A Telnet program is used to log directly

into remote computer systems. This

enables you to run programs kept on

them and edit files directly.

games,

online

shopping,

virtual

museums, and electronic magazines –

any topic you can imagine.

You navigate through the Web using a

program called a “browser”, which

allows you to search and print Web

pages. You can also click on keywords or

buttons that take you to other

destinations on the net. This is possible

because browsers understand hypertext

markup language (HTML), a set of

commands that indicate how a Web page

is formatted and displayed.

Newsgroups

Newsgroups are the public discussion

areas, which make up a system called

“Usenet.” The contents of the

newsgroups are contributed by people

who send articles (messages) or respond

to articles. They are classified into

categories: comp (computers), misc

(miscellaneous), news (news), rec

(recreation), soc (society), sci (science),

IRC, audio and video chatting

talk

and

alt

(alternative)

IRC – Internet relay chat – is a system

for

real-time

(usually

typed)

conversation. It’s easy to use. To start a

chat session, you run an IRC program,

which connects you to an IRC server – a

computer dedicated to IRC. Then, you

join a channel which connects you to a

single chat area. Next, you type message,

and the other participants can see it.

UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION

I.

Vocabulary

A..Complete the sentences by using a term from the list. Then write the words in the

crossword.

Modem

Newsgroups

network

services

online

account

download

telephone

1. When you are connected to the Internet, you are described as being………

2. To communicate via the Internet, you need a PC, modem, and a ………

3. To have access to the Internet, you must first open an …………………

4. You need a ………………. to convert computer data into a form that can be

transmitted over the phone lines.

5. The public discussion areas on the Internet are called …………………

6. You can use a BBS to ……….. clip-art, games, and shareware to your PC.

7. America Online and CompuServe offer exclusive ………………. to their customers.

8. The Internet is a global ……………… of computer network.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

B.Match and link the pairs of expressions that have the same meaning:

1.File of structured data

7.Bulletin board system

2.Phone network

3.Telephone wire

8.Modulator/demodulator

9.IRC

4.modem

5.BBS

10.Internet relay chat

11.database

6.FTP

12.File transfer protocol

II.

Exercises

Which data communication services would you use for each of these requirements?

1

2

3

4

fax

a

To send a personal message to a friend who is

at a different workstation.

To send a copy of a paper document – for

instance, a scientific article – from Trento

University to Cambridge University.

electronic mail (e-mail)

teletext

local bulletin board system

(BBS)

b

5

commercial online service c To access massive databases containing all

kinds of information, or to be connected with

an airline reservations service.

d

e

To receive shareware and public domain

programs from a user group.

To find out weather forecasts and sports

information from the television.

UNIT 5: SECURITY AND PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET

I.Vocabulary

server (n)

máy chủ

firewall (n)

bức tường lửa

infiltrate (v)

lây nhiễm

hacker (n)

tin tặc, hắc khách

giao dịch trực tuyến

tính riêng tư của thư tín

mã hóa/ giải mã

mật mã/ giải mật

an ninh mạng

online transaction (n)

email privacy (n)

encode (v)/ decode

encryption (n)/decryption (n)

network security (n)

crucial data (n)

dữ liệu quan trọng

(file) đính kèm

phần mềm chống virut

attachment (n)

anti-virus software (n)

 hacker: a person who obtains unauthorized access to computer data

 cookies: small files used by Web servers to know if you have visited their site

before

 certificates: files that identify users and Web servers on the net, like digital

identification

 encryption: the process of encoding data so that unauthorized users can’t read it

 decryption: the process of decoding encrypted data transmitted to you.

II.Exercises

Task 1. Complete the sentence by using a suitable term

1. Users have to enter a p……………to gain access to a network

2. You can download a lot of f………..or public domain programs from the internet.

3. Hundreds of h………………..break into computer systems every year.

4. A computer v…………can infect your files and corrupt your hard disk.

5. The process of encoding data so that unauthorized users can’t read the data is

known as e…………………

6. A f……………is a device which allows limited access to an internal network

from the internet.

7. You can include an a………………….as part of your email massage.

8. This company uses d…………techniques to decode (or decipher) secret data

Task 2. Read the text and find answers to these questions.

1. Why is security so important on the

Internet?

2. How can we protect andkeep our

email private?

3. What methods are used by

companies to make internal networks

secure?

4. Which ways can a virus enter a

computer system?

Email privacy

Similarly, as your email message

travels across the net, it is copied

temporarily on many computers in

between. This means it can be read by

unscrupulous people who illegally enter

computer systems.

The only way to protect a message is to

put it in a sort of “envelope”, that is, to

encode it with some form of

encryption. A system designed to send

email privately is Pretty Good Privacy,

a freeware program written by Phil

Zimmerman.

Security and privacy on the Internet

There are a lot of benefits from an open

system, like the Internet, but we are

also exposed to hackers who break into

computer systems just for fun, as well

as to steal information or propagate

viruses. So how do you go about

making online transactions secure?

Network security

Private networks connected to the

Internet can be attacked by intruders

who attempt to take valuable

information such as Social Security

numbers, bank accounts, or research

and business reports.

Security on the Web

The question of security is crucial when

sending confidential information such

as credit card numbers. For example,

consider the process of buying a book

on the Web. You have to type your

credit card number into an order form

which passes from computer to

computer on its way to the online

bookstore. If one of the intermediary

computers is infiltrated by hackers,

your data can be copied. It is difficult to

say how often this happens, but it’s

technically possible.

To protect crucial data, companies hire

security consultants who analyze the

risks and provide security solutions.

The most common methods of

protection are passwords for access

control, encryption and decryption

systems, and firewalls.

Virus protection

Viruses can enter a PC through files

from disks, the Internet, or bulletin

board systems. If you want to protect

your system, don’t open email

attachments for strangers and take care

when downloading files form the Web.

(Plain text email alone can’t pass a

virus)

To avoid risks, you should set all

security alerts to high on your Web

browser, Netscape Communicator, and

Internet Explorer display a lock when the

Web page is secure and allow you to

disable or delete “cookies”.

Remember also to update your anti-

virus software as often as possible,

since new viruses are being created all

the time.

If you use online bank services, make

sure your bank uses digital certificates.

A popular security standard is SET

(secure electronic transactions).